Review of the U.S. Army's health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents

Review of the U.S. Army's health risk assessments for oral exposure to six chemical-warfare agents

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Corporativo: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Toxicology. Subcommittee on Chronic Reference Doses for Selected Chemical-Warfare Agents (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1999.
Edición:1st ed
Colección:Compass series (Washington, D.C.)
Materias:
Chemical agents (Munitions) > Toxicology.
Chemical agents (Munitions) > Environmental aspects.
Health risk assessment.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820301806719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Review of the U.S. Army's Health Risk Assessments For Oral Exposure to Six Chemical-Warfare Agents
  • Copyright
  • OTHER REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY
  • Other Reports of the Committee on Toxicology
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Summary
  • EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFDS AND SFS
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • GA
  • GB
  • GD
  • VX
  • SULFUR MUSTARD
  • LEWISITE
  • 1 Introduction
  • REFERENCES
  • 2 Derivation of Reference Doses
  • REFERENCE-DOSE CALCULATION
  • BENCHMARK DOSE
  • UNCERTAINTY FACTORS
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 3 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for GA
  • DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN
  • PROTECTING SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM LOAEL TO NOAEL
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM SUBCHRONIC TO CHRONIC EXPOSURES
  • DATA-BASE ADEQUACY
  • MODIFYING FACTOR FOR ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY
  • SUMMARY
  • WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 4 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for GB
  • DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN
  • PROTECTING SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM LOAEL TO NOAEL
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM SUBCHRONIC TO CHRONIC EXPOSURES
  • DATA-BASE ADEQUACY
  • MODIFYING FACTOR FOR ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY
  • SUMMARY
  • WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 5 EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM REFERENCE DOSE FOR GD
  • DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY.
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN
  • PROTECTING SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM LOAEL TO NOAEL
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM SUBCHRONIC TO CHRONIC EXPOSURES
  • DATA-BASE ADEQUACY
  • MODIFYING FACTOR FOR ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY
  • SUMMARY
  • WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 6 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for VX
  • DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN
  • PROTECTING SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM LOAEL TO NOAEL
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM SUBCHRONIC TO CHRONIC EXPOSURES
  • DATA-BASE ADEQUACY
  • MODIFYING FACTOR FOR ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY
  • SUMMARY
  • WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 7 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose and Slope Factor For Sulfur Mustard
  • EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD
  • DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS
  • Extrapolation from Animal to Human
  • Protecting Susceptible Subpopulations
  • Extrapolation from LOAEL to NOAEL
  • Extrapolation from Subchronic to Chronic Exposures
  • Data-Base Adequacy
  • Modifying Factor for Additional Uncertainty
  • Summary
  • WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE
  • EVALUATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM CANCER SLOPE FACTOR
  • DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM CANCER SLOPE FACTOR
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF METHOD USED
  • WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES.
  • 8 Evaluation of the Army's Interim Reference Dose for Lewisite
  • DERIVATION OF THE ARMY'S INTERIM RFD
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF THE CRITICAL STUDY
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF CRITICAL END POINT
  • APPROPRIATENESS OF UNCERTAINTY FACTORS
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN
  • PROTECTING SUSCEPTIBLE SUBPOPULATIONS
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM LOAEL TO NOAEL
  • EXTRAPOLATION FROM SUBCHRONIC TO CHRONIC EXPOSURES
  • DATA-BASE ADEQUACY
  • MODIFYING FACTOR FOR ADDITIONAL UNCERTAINTY
  • SUMMARY
  • WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF EVIDENCE
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • Glossary
  • Appendix A Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent GA
  • HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE NERVE AGENT GA
  • DISCLAIMER
  • PREFACE
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • 1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
  • 1.2.1 Air
  • 1.2.2 Water
  • 1.2.3 Soil
  • 2. MECHANISM OF ACTION
  • 2.1 Effects of Organophosphate Agents on the Nervous System
  • 2.2 Effect on Blood Cholinesterases
  • 2.2.1 Intra- and Interspecies Variation in Blood Cholinesterase Activity
  • 2.2.2 Potency of Nerve Agents as Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • 3. TOXICOLOGY
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Acute Toxicity
  • 3.3 Subchronic Toxicity
  • 3.4 Chronic Toxicity
  • 3.5 Nervous System Toxicity
  • 3.6 Developmental and Reproductive Effects
  • 3.7 Carcinogenicity
  • 3.8 Genotoxicity
  • 4. ORAL REFERENCE DOSE FOR GA
  • 4.1 Cholinesterase Inhibition as an RfD Endpoint
  • 4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD for GA
  • 4.3 Overall Confidence in the Oral RfD
  • 4.4 Comparison of the Oral RfD with Human Toxicity Data
  • 5. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT
  • 6. REFERENCES CITED
  • APPENDIX A
  • APPENDIX B
  • APPENDIX C
  • Appendix B Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent GB
  • HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE NERVE AGENT GB
  • DISCLAIMER
  • PREFACE
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS.
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • 1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
  • 1.2.1. Air
  • 1.2.2 Water
  • 1.2.3 Soil
  • 2. MECHANISM OF ACTION
  • 2.1 Effects of Organophosphate Agents on the Nervous System
  • 2.2 Effect on Blood Cholinesterases
  • 2.2.1 Intra- and Interspecies Variation in Blood Cholinesterase Activity
  • 2.2.2 Potency of Nerve Agents as Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • 3. TOXICOLOGY
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Acute Toxicity
  • 3.3 Subchronic Toxicity
  • 3.4 Chronic Toxicity
  • 3.5 Nervous System Toxicity
  • 3.6 Developmental and Reproductive Effects
  • 3.7 Carcinogenicity
  • 3.8 Genotoxicity
  • 4. ORAL REFERENCE DOSE FOR GB
  • 4.1 Cholinesterase Inhibition as an RfD Endpoint
  • 4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD
  • 4.3 Overall Confidence in the Oral RfD
  • 4.4 Comparison of the RfD with Human Toxicity Data
  • 5. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT
  • 6. REFERENCES CITED
  • APPENDIX A
  • APPENDIX B
  • Appendix C Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent GD (Soman)
  • HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR NERVE AGENT GD (SOMAN)
  • DISCLAIMER
  • PREFACE
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • 1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
  • 1.2.1 Air
  • 1.2.2 Water
  • 1.2.3 Soil
  • 2. MECHANISM OF ACTION
  • 2.1 Effects of Organophosphate Agents on the Nervous System
  • 2.2 Effect on Blood Cholinesterases
  • 2.2.1 Intra-and Interspecies Variation in Blood Cholinesterase Activity
  • 2.2.2 Potency of Nerve Agents as Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • 3. TOXICOLOGY
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Short-term Toxicity
  • 3.3 Subchronic Toxicity
  • 3.4 Chronic Toxicity
  • 3.5 Nervous System Effects
  • 3.6 Developmental and Reproductive Effects
  • 3.7 Carcinogenicity and Genotoxicity
  • 4. ORAL REFERENCE DOES FOR GD
  • 4.1 Cholinesterase Inhibition as an RfD Endpoint
  • 4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD for GD.
  • 4.3 Comparison of RfD with Toxicity Data
  • 5. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT FOR GD
  • 6. REFERENCES CITED
  • APPENDIX A
  • APPENDIX D Health Risk Assessment for The Nerve Agent VX
  • HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE NERVE AGENT VX
  • DISCLAIMER
  • PREFACE
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • 1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
  • 1.2.1 Air
  • 1.2.2 Water
  • 1.2.3 Soil
  • 2. MECHANISM OF ACTION
  • 2.1 Effects of Organophosphate Compounds on the Nervous System
  • 2.2 Effect on Blood Cholinesterases
  • 2.2.1 Intra- and Interspecies Variation in Blood Cholinesterase Activity
  • 2.2.2 Potency of Nerve Agents as Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • 2.2.3 Cholinesterase Inhibition by VX
  • 3. TOXICOLOGY
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Acute Toxicity
  • 3.3 Subchronic Toxicity
  • 3.4 Chronic Toxicity
  • 3.5 Nervous System Toxicity
  • 3.6 Developmental and Reproductive Effects
  • 3.7 Carcinogenicity
  • 3.8 Genotoxicity
  • 4. ORAL REFERENCE DOSE FOR VX
  • 4.1 Cholinesterase Inhibition as an RfD Endpoint
  • 4.2 Derivation of the Oral RfD for VX
  • 4.3 Overall Confidence in the RfD
  • 4.4 Comparison of RfD with Human Toxicity Data
  • 5. CARCINOGENICITY ASSESSMENT
  • 6. REFERENCES CITED
  • APPENDIX A
  • APPENDIX B
  • APPENDIX C
  • APPENDIX C
  • APPENDIX D
  • Appendix E Health Risk Assessment for Sulfur Mustard (HD)
  • HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR SULFUR MUSTARD (HD)
  • DISCLAIMER
  • PREFACE
  • TABLE OF CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1. PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • 1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
  • 1.2.1 Air
  • 1.2.2 Water
  • 1.2.3 Soil
  • 2 MECHANISM OF ACTION
  • 3. TOXICOLOGY
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Acute Toxicity
  • 3.3 Subchronic Toxicity
  • 3.4 Chronic Toxicity
  • 3.4.1 Human Data
  • 3.4.2 Animal Studies
  • 3.5 Delayed Toxicity
  • 3.6 Developmental and Reproductive Effects
  • 3.7 Carcinogenicity.
  • 3.7.1 Human Data.

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