Preventing and mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa : research and data priorities for the social and behavioral sciences

Preventing and mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa research and data priorities for the social and behavioral sciences

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: National Research Council (U.S.).
Autor Corporativo: National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa (-)
Otros Autores: Cohen, Barney, 1959- (-), Trussell, James
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1996.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
AIDS (Disease) > Africa, Sub-Saharan.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820298906719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Copyright
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • Summary
  • NEED FOR IMMEDIATE ACTION
  • SOCIETAL CONTEXT OF HIV/AIDS IN AFRICA
  • EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC
  • SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND HIV/AIDS
  • PRIMARY HIV-PREVENTION STRATEGIES
  • MITIGATING THE IMPACT OF THE EPIDEMIC
  • BUILDING CAPACITY FOR AIDS-RELATED RESEARCH
  • CONCLUSION: THE NEED FOR BETTER BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
  • Resume
  • IL FAUT AGIR SANS TARDER
  • CONTEXTE SOCIETAL DU VIH/SIDA EN AFRIQUE
  • EPIDEMIOLOGIE DU VIH/SIDA
  • COMPORTEMENT SEXUEL ET VIH/SIDA
  • STRATEGIES PREVENTIVES DE BASE CONTRE LE VIH
  • L'ALLEGEMENT DE L'IMPACT DE L'EPIDEMIE
  • MISE SUR PIED D'UNE CAPACITE DE RECHERCHE SUR LE SIDA
  • CONCLUSION: BESOIN DE MEILLEURES RECHERCHES EN SCIENCES SOCIALES ET COMPORTEMENTALES
  • 1 Introduction
  • PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
  • BACKGROUND
  • Extent of the Epidemic
  • Need for Immediate Action
  • The Need for Better Behavioral and Social Science Research
  • THE PANEL'S TASK
  • ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
  • 2 Societal Context
  • SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND FAMILY ORGANIZATION
  • SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND HIV/AIDS
  • MOBILITY
  • Rural-Urban Migration
  • Diffusion via Major Roads
  • Civil Unrest and Wars
  • MEDICAL AND PROGRAM FACTORS
  • ECONOMIC FACTORS
  • 3 Epidemiology of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic
  • STATUS OF THE EPIDEMIC
  • HIV/AIDS Statistics
  • Demographics of HIV Infection
  • HIV-2 Infection
  • MODES OF TRANSMISSION
  • Sexual Transmission
  • Risk Factors in Sexual Transmission
  • HIV and STDs
  • Perinatal Transmission
  • Parenteral Transmission
  • REMAINING GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE
  • Limitations of Existing African Behavioral Data
  • The Need to Combine Epidemiological and Social/Behavioral Research
  • Ethical Issues in STD/HIV Research
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 4 Sexual Behavior and HIV/AIDS
  • SOURCES OF INFORMATION.
  • QUESTIONS OF METHODOLOGY
  • The Issue of Validity
  • PATTERNS OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY
  • Sexual Initiation and Premarital Intercourse
  • Sex Within Marriage or a Stable Union
  • Extramarital and Casual Sex
  • Commercial Sex
  • SEX-RELATED RISK FACTORS
  • High Number of Partners/Commercial Sex
  • Perceived Risk
  • Age
  • Education
  • Marital Status
  • Residence
  • Migration
  • Sexually Transmitted Diseases
  • Circumcision and Traditional Medical Practices
  • Alcohol
  • SEXUAL PRACTICES AND BELIEFS
  • The Notion That Men Need Sex
  • Coercive Sex
  • Health Beliefs
  • Dry Sex
  • Oral/Anal Sex
  • Homosexuality
  • Postpartum and Other Abstinence
  • Levirate Marriage
  • AIDS AWARENESS
  • Modes of Transmission
  • Asymptomatic Transmission
  • Severity and Perceived Threat
  • Attitudes Toward Sufferers
  • Testing
  • THE ROLE OF CONDOMS
  • Condom Use
  • Condoms and STD and HIV Prevention
  • Attitudes Toward Condoms
  • BEHAVIOR CHANGE
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 5 Primary HIV-Prevention Strategies
  • BEHAVIOR-CHANGE INTERVENTION PROGRAM DESIGN AND EVALUATION
  • Guiding Principles for Behavior-Change Interventions
  • INTERVENTION EVALUATION
  • A TYPOLOGY OF INTERVENTION PROGRAMS
  • Institution-based Programs
  • Community-based Programs
  • Population-based Programs
  • INTERVENTIONS TARGETING SEXUALLY ACTIVE MEN
  • Issues
  • Target Population
  • Types of Strategies and Programs
  • Case Study
  • Lessons Learned
  • INTERVENTIONS TARGETING SEXUALLY ACTIVE WOMEN
  • Issues
  • Target Population
  • Types of Strategies and Programs
  • Case Study: An Intervention Targeted to Commercial Sex Workers
  • Case Study: A Community-based Intervention
  • Lessons Learned
  • INTERVENTIONS TARGETING YOUTH
  • Issues
  • Target Population
  • Types of Strategies and Programs
  • Case Study
  • Lessons Learned
  • PERINATAL TRANSMISSION
  • RECOMMENDATIONS.
  • ANNEX 5-1 SELECTED AIDS INTERVENTION PROGRAMS IN AFRICA
  • 6 Mitigating the Impact of the Epidemic
  • INTRODUCTION
  • IMPACT ON PERSONS WITH HIV
  • Stigmatization of the Seropositive
  • Economic Hardship Due to HIV
  • Care for People with AIDS
  • IMPACT ON EXTENDED FAMILY MEMBERS AND FRIENDS
  • Caring for Survivors: Children and the Elderly
  • INDIRECT IMPACT OF AIDS ON THE REST OF SOCIETY
  • Demographic Impact
  • Morbidity and Mortality
  • Anticipated Future Impact
  • Relationship Between Seroprevalence and Mortality Rates
  • Economic Impact
  • HIV/AIDS and Per Capita Income Growth
  • Effect of the Epidemic on Sectors of Economic Activity
  • Impact of the Epidemic on Firms
  • Summary
  • ATTEMPTS TO MITIGATE THE IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS
  • Intended Beneficiary
  • Providers of Mitigation Assistance
  • Types of Mitigation Help Being Provided
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • ANNEX 6-1: A BRIEF SURVEY OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IMPLEMENTING MITIGATION PROGRAMS IN SUB-S ...
  • 7 Building Capacity for AIDS-Related Research
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Problem Statement
  • Data Sources
  • CONSTRAINTS ON RESEARCH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
  • Insufficient/Poorly Allocated Funds
  • Inadequate Manpower
  • Unintended Negative Consequences of Donor Policies
  • Inadequate Coordination
  • Lack of Information on Previous and Ongoing Research Efforts
  • Lack of Research-Needs Assessment and Difficulty of Coordinating Funding from Multiple Sources
  • Lack of Cooperation Among Donor Agencies
  • Harsh Environment for Social and Behavioral Research
  • Unfavorable Political Climate
  • Decline of Higher-Education Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa
  • Inadequate Infrastructure
  • Economic Weakness
  • Weak Policy Support for the Health Sector
  • Low Value Placed on Social and Behavioral Research
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • References.
  • APPENDIX A Panel Visits to Three African Countries: January 20-February 12, 1995
  • INTRODUCTION
  • ZAMBIA JANUARY 23-27, 1995
  • Overview of Current HIV/AIDS Situation
  • History of AIDS-Prevention Efforts
  • Ongoing Prevention and Mitigation Initiatives
  • Workplace Peer Education and Counseling
  • Traditional Healer Component
  • Programs for Orphans
  • The State of Social and Behavioral Research
  • TANZANIA JANUARY 30-FEBRUARY 3, 1995
  • Overview of Current HIV/AIDS Situation
  • History of AIDS-Prevention Efforts
  • Ongoing Prevention and Mitigation Initiatives
  • Components of the Tanzania AIDS Project
  • The Nongovernmental Organization Strategy
  • Social and Economic Mitigation of AIDS
  • The State of Social and Behavioral Research
  • CAMEROON
  • Overview of Current HIV/AIDS Situation
  • History of AIDS-Prevention Efforts
  • Ongoing Prevention and Mitigation Efforts
  • Overview
  • AIDSCAP
  • The State of Social and Behavioral Research
  • IRESCO
  • FOCAP
  • OVERALL THEMES
  • REFERENCES
  • PEOPLE CONTACTED
  • Zambia
  • Tanzania
  • Cameroon
  • APPENDIX B Biographical Sketches
  • Index.

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