Prevention of micronutrient deficiencies tools for policymakers and public health workers
| Autores Corporativos: | , , |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | , , |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington, D.C. :
National Academy Press
1998.
|
| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820298806719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Prevention of Micronutrient Deficiencies
- Copyright
- Acknowledgments
- Contents
- Prevention of Micronutrient Deficiencies Tools for Policymakers and Public Health Workers
- 1 Summary
- PROJECT CHARGE
- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT
- FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Findings
- Recommendations
- 2 Key Elements in the Design and Implementation of Micronutrient Interventions
- THE IMPORTANCE OF IRON, VITAMIN A, AND IODINE TO HEALTH
- Iron
- Vitamin A
- Iodine
- THE CONTINUUM OF POPULATION RISK
- OPTIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL INTERVENTIONS
- Supplementation
- Fortification
- Food-Based Approaches
- Other Public Health Control Measures
- COSTS OF INTERVENTIONS
- FEASIBILITY OF INVOLVING KEY SOCIETAL SECTORS IN THE PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MICRONUTRIENT IN ...
- ELEMENTS OF SUCCESSFUL INTERVENTIONS ACROSS THE CONTINUUM OF POPULATION RISK
- Interventions for Level IV Populations
- Interventions for Level III Populations
- Interventions for Level II Populations
- INTERVENTIONS FOR LEVEL I POPULATIONS
- Balancing Approaches to Country-Specific Circumstances
- Coordinating Interventions Across Micronutrients
- COMMON ELEMENTS OF SUCCESSFUL MICRONUTRIENT INTERVENTIONS
- Political Will/Stability
- Strategic and Program Planning
- Community Involvement, Participation, and Consumer Demand
- Physical and Administrative Infrastructure
- Communications Strategies
- Use of Appropriate Vehicle
- Sustainability
- Information Systems, Monitoring, and Evaluation
- Biological Indicators
- Background Papers
- 3 Prevention of Iron Deficiency
- DIAGNOSIS OF IRON DEFICIENCY AND ANEMIA
- CAUSES OF IRON DEFICIENCY
- IRON EXCESS
- PREVENTION OF IRON DEFICIENCY IN AT-RISK GROUPS
- Infancy
- Preschool Children (3 to <
- 7 Years of Age)
- School-Age Children and Adolescents
- Women of Childbearing Age
- Pregnant Women.
- SUSTAINABLE APPROACHES TO THE ELIMINATION OF IRON DEFICIENCY
- Dietary Improvement
- Improving the Supply and Intake of Food Iron
- Improving the Bioavailability of Food Iron
- Food Fortification
- Fortification Compounds
- Fortification Strategies
- Effectiveness of Iron Fortification
- Iron Supplementation
- During Pregnancy
- Prepregnancy Supplementation
- BENEFITS AND COSTS OF PREVENTING IRON DEFICIENCY
- Prevention of Iron Loss Due to Parasites
- SUGGESTED NATIONAL GOALS
- Short-Term
- Long-Term
- APPENDIX
- Five Studies in Developing Countries Addressing the Effectiveness of Iron Fortification
- The Thai Study
- The India Study
- The South Africa Study
- The Guatemala Study
- The Venezuelan Study
- REFERENCES
- 4 Prevention of Vitamin A Deficiency
- MAJOR HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
- Xerophthalmia and Nutritional Blindness
- Childhood Morbidity and Mortality
- Other Health Consequences
- MAGNITUDE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF THE PROBLEM
- Defining Vitamin A Status
- Extent of the Problem
- Risk Factors
- Age
- Gender
- Quality of Diet
- Disease Occurrence
- Seasonality
- Cultural Factors
- Clustering
- ECONOMIC COSTS OF VAD
- INDICATORS OF VAD
- Identification of Groups and Populations
- Monitoring Intervention Impact and Outcome
- CRITICAL ELEMENTS FOR SUCCESSFUL NUTRITION INTERVENTION PROGRAMS
- APPROACHES TO THE PREVENTION OR CORRECTION OF VAD
- Food-Based Approaches
- Dietary Modification: Where Food Sources of Vitamin A Are Available but Underutilized
- Thailand's Experience in Applying a Social Marketing Methodology to Increase the Utilization of Locally Available Vitamin...
- Context
- Design of the Intervention
- Implementation and Evaluation
- Results
- OTHER COUNTRIES' EXPERIENCES
- Other Social Marketing Experiences.
- Lessons Learned in Behavior Modification Where Vitamin A-Rich Foods Are Available
- Dietary Modification: Home and Community Provisioning to Increase Availability of Vitamin A-Rich Foods
- Experiences in Bangladesh with Promotion of Home Gardens
- West Bengal, India: Experience with Horticultural Interventions in a Drought-Prone and Poverty-Stricken Rural Area
- Vietnam Gardening Project to Increase Production and Consumption of Vitamin A-Rich Foods*
- Lessons Learned from Successful Gardening Projects
- Small Animal Husbandry and Fish Production to Increase Household and Community Availability of Preformed Vitamin A Sources
- Multi-Mix Complementary and Weaning Foods
- Genetic Selection and Engineering to Improve Vitamin A Activity of Vegetables and Staple Crops
- Can Vitamin A Nutriture Be Improved by Feeding Plant Sources of Provitamin A?
- Fortification
- Vitamin A-Fortified Sugar in Guatemala: A Successful National Experience
- Indonesian Experience with Fortified Monosodium Glutamate: A National Failure
- The Philippines Experience with Fortified Margarine: A Promising Government and Private-Sector Partnership
- Other Fortification Efforts
- Food-to-Food Fortification
- Lessons Learned from Fortification Experiences
- Emergency and Food-Aid Programs
- Supplementation
- National Delivery Systems
- The Experience of Northeast Brazil with Community-Supported Supplement Distribution
- The Experience of Bangladesh with an Immunization-Linked, Prophylactic Supplementation Program for Infants
- Possibilities for Low-Dose, Community Supplementation
- Lessons Learned from Supplementation Programs
- Public Health Interventions
- Lessons Learned from Public Health Interventions for Disease Control
- COMPLEMENTARITY OF INTERVENTIONS
- Phasing in Vitamin A Interventions
- Vitamin A with Other Micronutrient Initiatives.
- COSTS AND BENEFITS
- BALANCING APPROACHES TO COUNTRY-SPECIFIC CIRCUMSTANCES
- Two National Case Studies
- Indonesia
- Tanzanian Experience
- SUMMARY
- REFERENCES
- 5 Prevention of Iodine Deficiency
- REQUIREMENTS FOR IODINE
- CONSEQUENCES OF IODINE DEFICIENCY AND ITS CORRECTION
- Goiter
- Mental and Neuromotor Retardation
- Reproductive Impairment
- Impaired Agricultural Productivity
- Economic Stagnation
- Physical Growth
- CONSEQUENCES OF THE CORRECTION OF IODINE DEFICIENCY
- INTERACTION WITH OTHER MICRONUTRIENTS
- EXTENT OF IODINE DEFICIENCY
- Assessment Techniques*
- Goiter Rates
- Urinary Iodine
- Measurements of TSH
- Thyroglobulin
- Iodine in Food and Water
- Extent and Distribution of Iodine Deficiency
- Economic Costs of Iodine Deficiency
- INDICATORS OF IODINE DEFICIENCY AND IMPACT OF PREVENTION
- Identifying Target Populations
- Monitoring Intervention Programs and Their Impact
- PREVENTION AND CORRECTION
- Fortification
- Salt*
- Iodinated Bread
- Iodinated Water
- Supplementation
- Drops and Tablets of Iodine
- Iodinated Oil
- Summary Statement on Fortification and Supplementation
- NATIONAL PROGRAMS: SOME EXAMPLES OF SUCCESS AND FAILURE
- Ecuador
- Context
- Results
- Nigeria
- Context
- Results
- Bolivia
- Context
- Results
- Guatemala
- Context
- Results
- United States
- Context
- Results
- Bhutan
- Context
- Results
- Zimbabwe
- Context
- Results
- STRUCTURE OF PREVENTIVE PROGRAMS
- Assessment
- Salt Industry
- Education
- Legal Approaches
- IMPEDIMENTS TO IDD CONTROL
- In the Domain of Policy
- Inadequate Political and Popular Support
- Inadequate Involvement of the Salt Industry in Achieving Local or Universal Iodization of Salt
- Insufficient Education
- Insufficient Monitoring
- Complacency
- In the Domain of Programs
- In the Domain of Research.
- In the Domain of Financial Support
- Conditions
- Costs and Benefits
- ACTION PLANS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES
- Independent Evaluation
- Strengthening Monitoring
- Strengthening the Role of Regional and Country Program Directors
- Enhancing Cooperative Efforts among Agencies
- Pursuing Relevant Research
- Extension of a Micronutrient Database
- Extending and Expanding Communications
- Extending Advocacy
- Closing Gaps in Knowledge of the Extent of ID and IDDs
- Conferences and Workshops at the Country, Regional, and International Levels
- Resource Development
- Dedicated Team Approach
- SUMMARY
- APPENDIX: ICCIDD GUIDELINES FOR ASSESSMENT OF PROGRESS TOWARD IDD ELIMINATION
- REFERENCES
- Appendix: Workshop Agenda.
