Seafood safety

Seafood safety

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Corporativo: Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Evaluation of the Safety of Fishery Products (-)
Otros Autores: Ahmed, Farid E. (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1991.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Seafood > Health aspects.
Seafood > Safety measures.
Seafood > Contamination.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820298006719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • SEAFOOD SAFETY
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • 1 Executive Summary
  • OVERVIEW
  • NATURE AND EXTENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS
  • General
  • Microorganisms and Parasites
  • Extent of Risk
  • Principal Conclusions
  • Principal Recommendations
  • Natural Toxins
  • Extent of Risk
  • Principal Conclusions
  • Principal Recommendations
  • Chemical Residues
  • Extent of Risk
  • Principal Conclusions
  • Principal Recommendations
  • SCOPE AND ADEQUACY OF CURRENT SEAFOOD SAFETY PROGRAMS
  • Regulatory Guidelines, Monitoring, and Inspection
  • Principal Conclusions
  • Principal Recommendations
  • OPTIONS FOR REDUCING PUBLIC HEALTH RISKS
  • Monitoring, Control, and Surveillance Measures
  • Characteristics of Control Requirements
  • Legislative Considerations
  • Education and Information Measures
  • Recommendations for Improved Inspection Strategies
  • POTENTIAL IMPACT OF PROPOSED OPTIONS
  • DIRECTION FOR DATA COLLECTION AND FUTURE RESEARCH
  • 2 Seafood Production, Distribution, and Consumption
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • DEMOGRAPHICS OF THE SEAFOOD INDUSTRY
  • FISHERY RESOURCES
  • AQUACULTURE
  • CONSUMPTION TRENDS
  • ACTIVITIES IN OTHER COUNTRIES
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 3 Microbiological and Parasitic Exposure and Health Effects
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • PATHOGENS NATURALLY PRESENT IN MARINE OR FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENTS
  • Naturally Occurring Marine Bacteria Associated with Human Disease
  • Vibrio cholerae O1
  • Epidemiology and risk assessment
  • Disease control
  • Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae of O Groups Other Than 1)
  • Epidemiology and risk assessment
  • Disease control
  • Vibrio parahaemolyticus
  • Epidemiology and risk assessment
  • Disease control
  • Vibrio vulnificus
  • Epidemiology and risk assessment
  • Disease control
  • Other Vibrio Species
  • Aeromonas
  • Plesiomonas.
  • Helminthic Agents Present in Seafood
  • Trematodes
  • Cestodes
  • Nematodes
  • Other Nematodes
  • PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH FECAL POLLUTION OF THE MARINE OR FRESHWATER ENVIRONMENT
  • Viral Human Enteric Pathogens
  • Hepatitis Type A (Enterovirus Type 72)
  • Caliciviruses and Astroviruses
  • Unclassified Viruses
  • Disease Control for Human Enteric Viruses
  • PROCESSING, DISTRIBUTION, AND PREPARATION-RELATED PUBLIC HEALTH HAZARDS
  • Bacterial Pathogens
  • Salmonella
  • Epidemiology and risk assessment
  • Disease control
  • Campylobacter jejuni
  • Escherichia coli
  • Yersinia enterocolitica
  • Listeria
  • Epidemiology and risk assessment
  • Disease control
  • Clostridium botulinum
  • Epidemiology and risk assessment
  • Disease control
  • Shigella
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Viral Pathogens
  • Impact of Processing Technology
  • Heat Treatment
  • Modified Atmospheres and Vacuum Packaging
  • PUBLIC HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
  • Risk Assessment
  • Hazard Identification
  • Dose-Response Assessment
  • Exposure Assessment
  • Risk Characterization
  • Risk Management
  • Pathogens in Marine or Freshwater Environments
  • Pathogens Associated with Pollution
  • Pathogens Associated with Processing and Distribution
  • Imports
  • Future Risk
  • Ethnic foods and regional considerations
  • Aquaculture
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Conclusions
  • Raw Molluscan Shellfish
  • Other Seafoods
  • Recommendations
  • Specific Recommendations for Raw Molluscan Shellfish
  • General Recommendations for All Seafoods
  • NOTES
  • REFERENCES
  • 4 Naturally Occurring Fish and Shellfish Poisons
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • SPECIFIC INTOXICATIONS
  • Ciguatera
  • Scombroid (Histamine) Fish Poisoning
  • Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP)
  • Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning (NSP)
  • Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)
  • Puffer Fish Poisoning (PFP)
  • Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP).
  • Other Toxins
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • NOTE
  • REFERENCES
  • 5 Occurrence of Chemical Contaminants in Seafood and Variability of Contaminant Levels
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • TOXIC AGENTS AND POTENTIAL TYPES OF HEALTH EFFECTS
  • Metals and Other Inorganics
  • Specific Trace Metals
  • Arsenic
  • Cadmium
  • Lead
  • Mercury
  • Selenium
  • Organic Compounds
  • Specific Organics
  • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
  • Dioxins
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
  • Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides
  • Contamination Problems in Aquaculture
  • Sulfonamides
  • Antibiotics
  • Nitrofurans
  • Conclusions
  • Contaminants as a Result of Processing
  • Nitrosamines
  • Products of chlorination, bromination, and iodination
  • Residues of ozonation
  • Sulfites
  • DATA ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION
  • Introduction
  • National Status and Trends Program
  • Federal Survey of PCBs in Atlantic Coast Bluefish
  • National Contaminant Biomonitoring Program
  • Regional Reports
  • EVIDENCE FOR TRACE-METAL AND ORGANIC CONTAMINATION
  • Molluscan Shellfish
  • Trace Metals
  • Arsenic (As)
  • Cadmium (Cd)
  • Lead (Pb)
  • Mercury (Hg)
  • Selenium (Se)
  • Organics
  • Polychlorinated biphenyls
  • Polyaromatic hydrocarbons
  • Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides
  • Finfish
  • Trace Metals
  • Arsenic
  • Cadmium
  • Lead
  • Mercury
  • Selenium
  • Organics
  • Polychlorinated biphenyls
  • Dioxins
  • Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides
  • Conclusions
  • POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR REDUCING EXPOSURES
  • Analysis of Potential Benefits from Geographic Restrictions on Harvesting/Marketing
  • Analysis of Potential for Reducing Population Exposure to Mercury from Swordfish and PCBs from Bluefish via Size Restrictions
  • NOTES
  • APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 5
  • PRESENT STATUS OF DOSE-RESPONSE DATA FOR TRACE METALS OF GREATEST POTENTIAL TOXICITY
  • Arsenic
  • Cadmium.
  • Lead
  • Mercury
  • Selenium
  • Conclusions
  • REFERENCES
  • 6 Chemical Health Risk Assessment-Critique of Existing Practices and Suggestions for Improvement
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • BROAD CATEGORIZATION OF MECHANISMS OF DIFFERENT ADVERSE EFFECTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
  • Traditional Acute Toxicity
  • Traditional Chronic Toxicity
  • Molecular Biological (Stochastic Process) Diseases
  • Chronic Cumulative Conditions
  • CRITIQUE OF RISK ASSESSMENTS USED IN FORMULATING CONTAMINANT GUIDELINES/TOLERANCES FOR SPECIFIC CHEMICALS AND SUGGESTIONS…
  • Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
  • Background
  • FDA Assessment of Costs and Risks for PCBs in Fish
  • Suggestions for Improved Analysis
  • Methylmercury
  • FDA Risk Assessment and Current Regulations
  • Available Data on Blood Levels in the U.S. Population
  • Methylmercury dose, blood levels, and population risks
  • Conclusions and Recommendations for Changes in Risk Assessment Practices
  • ESTIMATING HUMAN INTAKE OF CONTAMINANTS FROM SEAFOOD AND SOME ASSOCIATED RISKS
  • Review of Data Bases Available for Estimating Exposures
  • FDA Total Diet Study
  • FDA Pesticide Monitoring Files
  • National Marine Fisheries Service Survey
  • Fisheries of the United States, 1987
  • Exposures from Sport, Subsistence, and Tribal Fishing
  • Exposures from Commercial Seafood
  • Dietary Intake of Seafood of Various Species
  • Inorganic Contaminant Exposures and Suggested Acceptable Intake
  • Use of NMFS Survey of Trace-Element Data
  • Antimony
  • Arsenic
  • Cadmium
  • Chromium
  • Lead
  • Mercury
  • Selenium
  • Estimates Of Cancer Risks From Organic Contaminants
  • Comparison of Imported and Domestic Seafood
  • Exposures from Sport, Subsistence, and Tribal Fishing
  • Puget Sound Contaminated Recreational Fish Study
  • Regional Studies of Contaminants
  • Atlantic Coast Bluefish Contamination.
  • Southern California Sport Fishery
  • Conclusions
  • Consumer Information and Labeling Programs, and Fishing Advisories
  • PROBABLE HEALTH RISKS FROM FISH AND SHELLFISH CONSUMPTION-RECOMMENDATIONS FOR RESEARCH
  • Classic Acute and Chronic Toxic Effects
  • Reproductive Effects
  • Carcinogenesis
  • Chronic Cumulative Toxic Effects
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Significance of the Risk
  • Potential for Control
  • Performance of Current Federal Regulatory Authorities in Assessing and Managing Risks
  • Data Gathering for Risk and Control Analysis
  • Risk Assessment Practices
  • Risk Management
  • NOTES
  • REFERENCES
  • 7 Statistical Sampling Issues in the Control of Seafood Hazards
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • SURVEILLANCE AND COMPLIANCE SAMPLING
  • ATTRIBUTES AND VARIABLES SAMPLING PLANS
  • Two-Class Attributes Plans
  • Three-Class Attributes Plans
  • Most Probable Number (MPN)
  • SURVEY OF CURRENT SAMPLING PLANS
  • Salmonella Sampling Plans
  • Staphylococcus aureus Plans
  • Plans for Fish, Fresh or Frozen
  • Fish-Adulteration by Parasites
  • Crabmeat-Adulteration with Filth Containing Escherichia coli
  • Langostinos-Adulteration by Bacterial Contamination
  • Canned Salmon-Adulteration Involving Decomposition
  • Shrimp - Adulteration Involving Decomposition
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • NOTES
  • REFERENCES
  • 8 Seafood Surveillance and Control Programs
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • RESPONSIBILITIES AND PROGRAMS OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
  • Standards and Guidelines
  • Tolerances
  • Action Levels
  • Seafood Deemed Injurious to Public Health
  • National Shellfish Sanitation Program
  • Inspection and Enforcement
  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
  • U.S. Food and Drug Administration
  • Import control program
  • Routine and periodic surveys for residual chemicals
  • National Marine Fisheries Service
  • Training and Educational Programs.
  • Public Health Monitoring.

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