Oral contraceptives & breast cancer

Oral contraceptives & breast cancer

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Institute of Medicine (U.S.).
Autor Corporativo: Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on the Relationship Between Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1991.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Breast > Cancer > Epidemiology > Congresses.
Oral contraceptives > Side effects > Congresses.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820297906719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Oral Contraceptives &amp
  • Breast Cancer
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Executive Summary
  • MAINTAINING SURVEILLANCE
  • DEVELOPING A BROADER ARRAY OF CONTRACEPTIVES
  • ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE FOR APPLICATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
  • FILLING GAPS IN BIOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
  • 1 Introduction and Overview
  • BIOLOGICAL PLAUSIBILITY OF A LINK BETWEEN ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND BREAST CANCER
  • WHAT IS-AND IS NOT-KNOWN
  • SEEKING ANSWERS
  • 2 Epidemiology: Information Needs and Data Gaps
  • EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
  • Case-Control Method
  • Cohort Studies
  • Comparison Groups
  • Ecological Studies
  • Special Studies
  • Women Exposed to Hormones Other than Oral Contraceptives
  • Women Genetically Susceptible to Breast Cancer
  • Estrogen Metabolism
  • Progestins
  • Changing Oral Contraceptive Formulations
  • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
  • 3 Biology: Information Needs and Data Gaps
  • SIGNAL COMPLEXITY IN BREAST REGULATION
  • RESEARCH ISSUES
  • Relationships Among Cell Types
  • Receptors
  • Timing
  • Effects of Pregnancy and Lactation
  • Pathological Breast Tissue
  • Oncogenes
  • Molecular Changes Associated with Human Breast Cancer
  • Activated ras Mutations
  • Overexpression of Tyrosine Kinases
  • Amplification of int-2 and myc
  • Deletions of Genes
  • RESEARCH MODELS
  • Breast Cancer Cell Lines
  • Short-term Culture of Normal Mammary Epithelium
  • Organ Culture
  • Nude Mouse Model
  • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
  • 4 Information for Users of the Pill and Health Care Providers
  • BENEFITS AND RISKS OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
  • Benefits
  • Risks
  • CURRENT CONTROVERSY
  • PRESCRIBING PROBLEMS
  • 5 Policy Issues and Recommendations
  • MAINTAINING SURVEILLANCE
  • Cooperative Research
  • Surveillance Requirements of the Food and Drug Administration
  • DEVELOPING A BROADER ARRAY OF CONTRACEPTIVES.
  • ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE FOR APPLICATION IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
  • FILLING GAPS IN BIOLOGICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
  • References
  • Appendixes
  • A Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer: A Review of the Epidemiological Evidence with an Emphasis ...
  • Changing Profile Of Oral Contraceptive Use
  • Biological Plausibility
  • Epidemiological Studies Of Breast Cancer and Oral Contraceptives
  • Ever" Use of Oral Contraceptives
  • Duration of Oral Contraceptive Use
  • Oral Contraceptive Use Before First Full-term Pregnancy or Before Age 25
  • Duration Since First Use of Oral Contraceptives (Latency)
  • Use of Oral Contraceptives in High-Risk Subgroups
  • Steroidal Potency of Various Formulations
  • Issues to Consider in Reviewing the Epidemiological Evidence
  • Discussion
  • The Future
  • References
  • B Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer: Review of the Epidemiological Literature
  • Methods
  • Results
  • Risk of Oral Contraceptive Users of All Ages in Developed Countries
  • Risk in Oral Contraceptive Users in Developing Countries
  • Risk in Oral Contraceptive Users With and Without Various Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
  • Risk in Relation to Early Use of Oral Contraceptives
  • Screening Bias
  • Risk in Relation to Use of Oral Contraceptives Near the Age of Menopause
  • Individual Formulations and Constituents of Oral Contraceptives
  • Conclusions, Interpretations, and Recommendations for Further Research
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • C The Evolving Formulations of Oral Contraceptives
  • Implications for Research
  • References
  • D Animal Models of Sex Steroid Hormones and Mammary Cancer: Lessons for Understanding Studies in Humans
  • Direct Tests of Carcinogenicity
  • Mice and Rats
  • Beagle Dogs
  • Pharmacokinetics of Various Steroids in Mice, Rats, and Beagles.
  • Studies of Mechanisms for Mammary Carcinogenicity of Sex Steroid Hormones in Mice, Rats, and Dogs
  • Conclusions
  • Interesting Questions Raised by Animal Studies
  • References
  • E Risks and Benefits of Oral Contraceptives: Will Breast Cancer Tip the Balance?
  • Established Benefits and Risks
  • Balance of Benefits and Risks
  • Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer
  • An Effect in Young Women
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • F List of Background Documents
  • Index.

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