Nutrition issues in developing countries : part I, diarrheal diseases, part II, diet and activity during pregnancy and lactation

Nutrition issues in developing countries part I, diarrheal diseases, part II, diet and activity during pregnancy and lactation

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Institute of Medicine (U.S.).
Autores Corporativos: Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Subcommittee on Nutrition and Diarrheal Diseases Control (-), Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Subcommittee on Diet, Physical Activity, and Pregnancy Outcome, Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on International Nutrition Programs
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1992.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Pregnancy > Developing countries > Nutritional aspects.
Diarrhea, Infantile > Developing countries > Nutritional aspects.
Diarrhea in children > Developing countries > Nutritional aspects.
Lactation > Developing countries > Nutritional aspects.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009820248106719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Nutrition Issues in Developing Countries
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • PART I DIARRHEAL DISEASES
  • Introduction
  • REFERENCES
  • 1 Summary
  • 2 Feeding Practices and Their Determinants
  • FEEDING PRACTICES, FOOD, AND DIARRHEA RISK
  • SOCIOCULTURAL DETERMINANTS OF BREASTFEEDING
  • Women's Work
  • Health Services and Personnel
  • Marketing Practices of Infant Formula Manufacturers
  • Urbanization
  • INITIATING BREASTFEEDING: COLOSTRUM AND PRELACTEAL FEEDS
  • INTRODUCTION OF FOODS IN ADDITION TO BREAST MILK
  • FEEDING METHODS
  • SEVERANCE: THE CESSATION OF BREASTFEEDING
  • SPECIFIC DETERMINANTS FOR INTERVENTION PLANNING
  • Food Availability to the Community
  • Food Availability at the Household Level
  • Food Availability to the Child
  • Cultural Beliefs
  • Allocation of Caretaker Time for Food Preparation
  • Availability of Fuel Water, and Other Food Preparation Resources
  • Family Food Consumption Patterns
  • Child Feeding Methods and Practices
  • SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
  • 3 Relationships Between Nutrition and Diarrhea
  • EVIDENCE THAT MALNUTRITION PREDISPOSES THE HOST TO DIARRHEAL DISEASE
  • IMMUNOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF MALNUTRITION
  • THE CONTRIBUTION OF DIARRHEA TO MALNUTRITION
  • HUMAN MILK AND DIARRHEAL DISEASES
  • Protective Factors in Human Milk
  • Lactation Performance
  • Effects of Maternal Nutritional Status on Lactation Performance
  • Effects of Food Supplementation, on Lactation Performance
  • Manipulation of Immunologic Protein Factors in Human Milk
  • WEANING FOODS
  • Nutrient Composition of Common Foods
  • Bioavailability of Nutrients
  • NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN
  • SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
  • 4 Feeding Practices, Food, and Diarrhea Risk
  • FOOD CONTAMINATION
  • FECAL CONTAMINATION OF WEANING FOOD IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
  • Source of Contamination
  • Relationship of Weaning Food Contamination to Diarrhea.
  • POTENTIAL INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE WEANING FOOD CONTAMINATION
  • Personal and Utensil Hygiene
  • Holding of Food Between Cooking and Saving
  • SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
  • 5 Processing Techniques Suitable For Weaning Foods
  • PROCESSING
  • Processing Techniques
  • Roasting
  • Germination
  • Milling
  • Baking
  • Cooking
  • Drying
  • Extrusion
  • Fermentation
  • Other Fermentations
  • Food Additives
  • Selection of Processing Location
  • Home and Village Preparation
  • Central Processing
  • COMPARISON OF STRATEGIES FOR SUPPLYING SUPPLEMENTAL FOODS
  • SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
  • 6 Conclusions and Recommendations
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • RECOMMENDED INTERVENTIONS
  • RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Behavioral Modification
  • Transmission of Enteropathogens
  • Enhancement of Breastfeeding and Weaning Practices
  • Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Diarrheal Disease
  • Timing of Supplementary Food Introduction
  • Nutrient Bioavailability and Caloric Density
  • Improved Food Processing Technologies
  • PART II DIET AND ACTIVITY DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
  • 1 Summary
  • 2 Overview of the Socioeconomic and Health Status of Women in Developing Countries
  • ECONOMIC SITUATION AND FOOD AND NUTRITION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
  • STATUS OF WOMEN: HEALTH AND SOCIAL ISSUES
  • Literacy
  • Fertility
  • ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE
  • Family Planning
  • Infant and Child Mortality
  • Maternal Mortality
  • Nutritional Anemia
  • Low Birth Weight-Health and Nutritional Status of the Mother
  • Breastfeeding
  • PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES OF PREGNANT WOMEN IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
  • Patterns of Energy Expenditure and Intake and Low Birth Weight
  • Activity Patterns of Women in Rural Areas
  • Income From Agricultural Labor
  • Seasonality
  • Activity Patterns of Women in Urban Areas
  • Informal Sector Activity
  • REFERENCES
  • 3 Physiology of Normal Pregnancy and the Effects of Undernutrition.
  • BODY WEIGHT AND COMPOSITION
  • Maternal Energy Expenditure and Energy Balance
  • Potential Energy-Sparing Mechanisms
  • Blood Volume and Composition
  • Undernutrition, Blood Volume Expansion, and Placental Blood Flow in Animal Models
  • GESTATIONAL EFFECTS ON ORGAN SYSTEMS IN PREGNANT WOMEN
  • Pregnancy-Related Changes in Maternal Metabolism
  • Metabolic Adaptations
  • Oxygen
  • Glucose
  • Lactic Acid
  • Other Substrates
  • Undernutrition in Pregnancy: ''Accelerated Starvation''
  • METABOLIC AND TRANSPORT FUNCTION OF THE PLACENTA
  • Placental Transport in Malnourished Women and Animals
  • Effect on Nutrient Flux
  • FETAL METABOLISM AND NUTRITION
  • Iron Status and Work Performance
  • References
  • 4 Nutrient Metabolism and Physical Activity
  • ENERGY
  • Resting or Basal Energy Requirements
  • Energy Requirements for Activity
  • Sources of Energy
  • PROTEIN
  • IRON
  • PREGNANCY AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
  • PREGNANCY, WORK, AND SUBSTRATE METABOLISM
  • Hormonal Changes
  • Temperature
  • EFFECT OF MATERNAL UNDERNUTRITION OR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE FETUS
  • EFFECTS OF UNDERNUTRITION ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
  • Productivity
  • Discretionary Physical Activity
  • Physical Work Capacity (PWC)
  • REFERENCES
  • 5 Effects of Diet and Physical Activity in Pregnant Human Populations
  • EFFECT OF ENERGY INTAKE
  • Background
  • Gestational Duration
  • Fetal Growth
  • Spontaneous Abortion
  • Congenital Anomalies
  • Maternal Mortality
  • Other Pregnancy Complications
  • EFFECTS OF MATERNAL WORK AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
  • Background
  • Gestational Duration
  • Fetal Growth
  • Spontanous Abortion
  • Congenital Anomalies
  • Maternal Mortality
  • Other Pregnancy Complications
  • COMBINED EFFECTS OF MATERNAL NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
  • Background
  • Gestational Duration
  • Fetal Growth
  • Other Pregnancy Outcomes
  • DIRECT EVIDENCE OF COMBINED EFFECTS
  • REFERENCES.
  • 6 Impact of Physical Activity and Diet on Lactation
  • INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON FAT STORAGE DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
  • RELATED FUNCTIONAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY STORES
  • INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING PREGNANCY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MILK PRODUCTION
  • CARDIOVASCULAR ADAPTATIONS
  • FIELD STUDIES AND LACTATION PERFORMANCE
  • SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
  • 7 Conclusions and Recommendations
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • RECOMMENDATIONS.

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