Development of a System for Fast Identification and Characterization of Biological Cells
Bio Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS) consists in the application of a small frequency variable electrical signal to a biological material and measuring its response. This research explores BIS applied to cancer and healthy cells and tissues, with the objective to try to distinguish them and also to expl...
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Berlin :
Logos Verlag Berlin
2024.
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| Edición: | First edition |
| Colección: | Wissenschaftliche Beiträge Zur Medizinelektronik Series ;
v.11. |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009799928406719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Abstract
- Acknowledgements
- Contents
- List of Figures
- List of Tables
- Glossary
- List of Symbols
- 1 Introduction
- 1.1 Purpose of the Work
- 1.2 Thesis Outline
- 1.3 Contributions
- 1.4 List of Publications
- 2 Theoretical Background
- 2.1 Biological Cells
- 2.1.1 The Eukaryotic Cell
- 2.1.2 Cellular Membrane
- 2.2 Electrical Properties of Biological Systems
- 2.3 Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
- 2.3.1 Mathematical Concept of Impedance
- 2.3.2 Graphical Representation of Impedance Data
- 2.3.3 Electrical and Electrochemical Circuit Elements
- 2.3.4 Conditions for Valid EIS Data
- 3 Development of a Four Electrode Terminal Chamber System
- 3.1 Electrode Polarization in Low Frequencies
- 3.1.1 Interfacial Capacitance
- 3.1.2 Charge Transfer Resistance
- 3.1.3 Warburg Impedance for Diffusion Modelling
- 3.1.4 Solution Resistance
- 3.1.5 Equivalent Circuit of Electrode-Electrolyte Interface
- 3.2 Measurement Systems and Electrodes Setup
- 3.2.1 Two-Electrode Measurement System
- 3.2.2 Three-Terminal Measurement System
- 3.2.3 Four-Terminal Measurement System
- 3.3 Detailed ECM of the Experimental Setup
- 3.4 Designed System
- 3.5 Comparison 4T vs. 2T Measurements
- 3.6 Source of Artifacts in Low Frequency Impedance Experiments
- 4 Applying EIS to Cancer Cells Suspensions
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.1.1 Normal Cell Lines
- 4.1.2 Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
- 4.1.3 Leukemia Cell Lines
- 4.1.4 Colon Cancer Cell Lines
- 4.1.5 Breast Cancer Cell Lines
- 4.2 Experimental Procedure
- 4.3 Experimental Results
- 4.3.1 Impedance Magnitude and Phase Curves Using the 320 μL Chamber
- 4.3.2 Metastatic versus Non-Metastatic Cancers
- 4.3.3 Comparison of the Impedance Spectrum from Different Cell Lines
- 4.3.4 Cell Sizes
- 4.4 Suggestions for Future Experiments
- 4.4.1 Use a Temperature Controlled Box.
- 4.4.2 Measure Cells Shortly After Detachment
- 4.4.3 Perform Only Few Experiments per Day
- 4.4.4 Use Preferably New Electrodes
- 4.4.5 Use Small Voltage Signals
- 4.4.6 Do not apply a DC potential to impedance experiments
- 4.5 Conclusions
- 5 Measuring the Cell Surface Charge
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Low Frequency Dispersion of Colloidal Particles Suspended in Electrolyte Solutions
- 5.3 Dimensional Analysis of Equation 5.7
- 5.4 Correction of Schwarz Model to 4T Experiments
- 5.5 Experimental Results: Calculation of the Cell Surface Charge
- 5.6 Comments on Schwarz Theory
- 5.7 Conclusions
- 6 Measuring Adherent Cells
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Theoretical Background
- 6.2.1 Working Principle
- 6.2.2 Presence of the Double Layer
- 6.2.3 Equivalent Circuit Model to Analyse the Cells Attached to Interdigitated Electrodes
- 6.3 Experimental Procedure
- 6.4 Experimental Results
- 6.4.1 Cell Attachment and Growth
- 6.4.2 Evaluating Chemotheraphy Effects
- 6.5 Conclusions
- 7 Spectral Response of Healthy Tissues and Solid Tumors
- 7.1 Theoretical Background
- 7.2 Spectral Response of Healthy Tissues
- 7.3 Tumor Composition and Organization
- 7.4 Main Structural Differences Between Tumor and Healthy Tissues
- 7.5 Comparison Tumor vs. Healthy Tissues Spectral Response
- 7.5.1 Experimental Setup
- 7.5.2 Experimental Results
- 7.6 Conclusions
- 8 Conclusions and Future Work
- 8.1 Summary and Conclusions
- 8.2 Recommendations and Guidelines
- 8.3 Future Work
- A Architecture proposal of a 4T impedance measurement system
- A.1 Macro view of the impedance measurement system
- A.1.1 Oscillator
- A.1.2 Potentiostat
- A.1.3 Principles of lock-in detection
- A.1.4 Front-end and complete system
- A.2 Conclusions
- B Cancer metabolites identification
- B.1 First method: membrane system to separate different types of ions.
- B.1.1 Step A: identify body fluids
- B.1.2 Step B: choose one body fluid
- B.1.3 Step C: identify metabolite chemical formula
- B.1.4 Step E: calculate the molecular size of the metabolite
- B.1.5 Design membrane system to separate metabolite
- B.1.6 Conductivity measurement of different compartments
- B.1.7 Calculate metabolite concentration
- B.1.8 Comments about the method
- B.2 Second method: surface modified interdigitated electrodes
- C Extracting Δεα from impedance measurements
- C.1 Equivalent circuit model
- C.2 Fitting the experimental data
- C.3 Extracting Δεα
- C.4 Example of fitting PC-3 cells experiments to extract Δε0
- Complete Table Cell Surface Charge
- Bibliography.
