The neurobiology of schizophrenia

The neurobiology of schizophrenia

Bibliographic Details
Other Authors: Abel, Ted, editor (editor), Nickl-Jockschat, Thomas, editor
Format: eBook
Language:Inglés
Published: Amsterdam, Netherlands : Academic Press 2016.
Edition:1st ed
Subjects:
Schizophrenia.
Neurobiology.
Schizophrenia > physiopathology.
Brain Chemistry > physiology.
See on Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009798535106719
Table of Contents:
  • Front Cover
  • The Neurobiology of Schizophrenia
  • Copyright Page
  • Contents
  • List of Contributors
  • Acknowledgments
  • I. Introduction
  • 1 Historical and Clinical Overview: Implications for Schizophrenia Research
  • Introduction
  • A Brief History of the Definition of Schizophrenia
  • Lessons From Therapeutic Approaches
  • The Neurobiology of Schizophrenia
  • References
  • II. The Genetic and Epigenetic Basis of Schizophrenia
  • 2 Progress and Prospects for Endophenotypes for Schizophrenia in the Time of Genomics, Epigenetics, Oscillatory Brain Dynam ...
  • Endophenotypes in Schizophrenia: Current Status
  • An Emerging Frontier for Endophenotypes: Epigenetics
  • A New Frontier for Endophenotypes: Brain Connectivity Dynamics
  • Limitations and Future Directions
  • References
  • 3 Insights From Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)
  • The Pre-GWAS Era: Linkage and Candidate Gene Association Studies
  • The Developments That Made GWAS Possible
  • The Principle of GWAS
  • GWAS Findings in Schizophrenia
  • Genetic Relationship Between Schizophrenia and Other Psychiatric Disorders
  • Were GWAS of Schizophrenia Successful So Far and Should They Continue?
  • Future Directions
  • References
  • 4 Sequencing Approaches to Map Genes Linked to Schizophrenia
  • Introduction and Background
  • Next-Generation Sequencing
  • Exome Versus Whole Genome
  • Sequencing Studies to Date
  • Conclusions
  • Future Directions
  • References
  • 5 Epigenetic Approaches to Define the Molecular and Genetic Risk Architectures of Schizophrenia
  • Introduction
  • An Epigenetic Link Between Environmental Risk Factors and Schizophrenia
  • Evidence From Human Studies
  • Evidence From Animal Studies
  • DNA Methylation in Schizophrenia
  • DNA Methylation and Gene Regulation in the Brain
  • DNA Methylation Changes in Schizophrenia.
  • Studies in the Peripheral Tissue and Possible Epigenetic Biomarkers in Schizophrenia
  • Epigenetic Approaches to the Molecular and Genetic Risk Architectures of Schizophrenia
  • Do Epigenetic Mechanisms Contribute to Long-Lasting Alterations in Gene Expression in Schizophrenia Brain?
  • Functional Neuroepigenomics Could Inform About Disease-Associated Genetic Risk Polymorphisms
  • Higher-Order Chromatin and the Genetic Risk Architecture of Schizophrenia
  • Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Treatment of Schizophrenia
  • Future Directions
  • Chromatin-Modifying Drugs: A Future Treatment for Schizophrenia?
  • Comprehensive, Region-Specific, and Cell Type-Specific Epigenome Mappings in the Brain
  • Larger and More Ambitious Clinical Studies
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
  • 6 Exploring Neurogenomics of Schizophrenia With Allen Institute for Brain Science Resources
  • Introduction
  • Introduction to the Portal
  • Mouse Atlas Resources
  • Common Reference Space in the Mouse Brain
  • Integrated Search and Visualization in the Allen Brain Atlas
  • The Mouse Developmental Atlas
  • Connectivity in the Mouse Brain
  • Human Atlas Resources
  • The Allen Human Brain Atlas
  • BrainSpan Atlas of the Developing Human Brain
  • NIH Blueprint NON-HUMAN Primate Atlas
  • Beyond the Atlases
  • Applications of the Allen Institute for Brain Science Resources in Schizophrenia Research
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
  • III. The Neurochemical Basis of Schizophrenia
  • 7 The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Current Status
  • Introduction: History of the Dopamine Hypothesis
  • Dopamine Receptor Occupancy Studies
  • Molecular Imaging Studies of Dopaminergic Neurotransmission in Schizophrenia
  • Prefrontal-Subcortical Dopamine Dysregulation
  • Ketamine Psychosis
  • Conclusion: Beyond the Dopamine Hypothesis
  • References.
  • 8 The PSD: A Microdomain for Converging Molecular Abnormalities in Schizophrenia
  • Introduction
  • The Postsynaptic Density, the Hub of Postsynaptic Signaling
  • Dendritic Spines
  • The Postsynaptic Density
  • Signaling Pathways in the PSD
  • NMDA receptors
  • AMPA receptors
  • mGluRs
  • Proteomic Landscape of the PSD
  • Evidence Supporting the Role of the PSD in Schizophrenia
  • Genetic Evidence
  • Postmortem Evidence for PSD Dysregulation in Schizophrenia
  • Dendritic spine alterations
  • Dysregulations in PSD Proteins and Their Signaling in Schizophrenia
  • PSD as a Microdomain for Converging Molecular Alterations in Schizophrenia
  • Summary and Future Directions
  • References
  • 9 Targeting Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia via GABAA Receptors: Focus on α2, α3, and α5 Receptor Subtypes
  • Excitatory and Inhibitory Tuning
  • Multiplicity of GABAA Receptors
  • Maturation of GABAA Receptors
  • GABAA Receptor Subtypes in Cortical Period Plasticity
  • GABAA Receptor Genetics and Schizophrenia
  • Deficits of GABAergic Cortical Interneurons and Impaired Cortical Oscillations in Schizophrenia
  • Physiological and Pharmacological Functions of GABAA Receptor Subtypes
  • Attempts to Enhance Cognition via α2/α3 GABAA Receptor Modulation
  • Inhibition of Dopaminergic Neurons by α3-Containing GABAA Receptors
  • Indirect Inhibition of Dopaminergic Neurons by α5-Containing GABAA Receptors
  • Multispecific Modulation of α2-, α3-, and α5-Containing GABAA Receptors
  • Proof-of-Concept Clinical Study With the Partial Positive Allosteric Modulator Bretazenil
  • α5-Negative Allosteric Modulators and Cognition Enhancement
  • References
  • IV. The Biochemical Basis of Schizophrenia
  • 10 Metabolomics of Schizophrenia
  • Introduction
  • Lipidomics in Schizophrenia
  • Energy Metabolism in Schizophrenia
  • Outlook
  • References.
  • 11 The Role of Inflammation and the Immune System in Schizophrenia
  • Introduction
  • Inflammatory Mechanisms in the CNS
  • Microglia as an Important Cellular Basis of Inflammation in the CNS
  • Kindling and Sensitization of the Immune Response: The Basis for the Stress-Induced Inflammatory Response in Psychiatric Di ...
  • The Vulnerability-Stress-Inflammation Model of Schizophrenia
  • The Immune Dysbalance in Schizophrenia Is Associated With Chronic Inflammation
  • The Impact of Inflammation on Neurotransmitters in Schizophrenia
  • The Possible Role of Infection in Schizophrenia
  • CNS Volume Loss in Imaging Studies: A Consequence of an Inflammatory Process?
  • Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition as an Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Approach in Schizophrenia
  • Further Immune-Related Substances in the Therapy of Schizophrenia
  • Methodological Aspects of the Response to Immune-Based Therapy in Schizophrenia
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgment
  • Statement of Conflict of Interest
  • References
  • 12 Proteomics of Schizophrenia
  • Biomarkers
  • Postmortem Studies
  • Protein Interaction Pathways and Signaling Networks
  • Embryonic Brain
  • Conclusions
  • References
  • V. The Electro-Physiological Basis of Schizophrenia
  • 13 EEG and MEG Probes of Schizophrenia Pathophysiology
  • Introduction
  • Measures of Inhibitory Failure
  • P50 Auditory Sensory Gating
  • Neurobiology of P50 suppression
  • P50 suppression and schizophrenia
  • Prepulse Inhibition of Startle
  • PPI methodology
  • Neurobiology of PPI
  • PPI and schizophrenia
  • Measures of Aberrant Salience Detection
  • Mismatch Negativity
  • MMN measurement
  • Neurobiology of MMN
  • Mismatch negativity and schizophrenia
  • P300
  • P300 methodology
  • Neurobiology of P300
  • P300 and schizophrenia
  • Measures of Abnormal Gamma Band Oscillations
  • Measuring Neural Oscillations.
  • Neurobiology of Gamma Oscillations
  • Gamma Oscillations and Schizophrenia
  • Conclusion
  • References
  • 14 Cellular and Circuit Models of Increased Resting State Network Gamma Activity in Schizophrenia
  • Introduction
  • Studies in Schizophrenia
  • Resting State Brain Activity
  • Electroencephalography
  • Magnetoencephalography
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Findings in Disease
  • Resting State Network and Gamma Oscillations in Schizophrenia
  • Power and Coherence of Brain Activity
  • Inherent Noise and Relationship to Symptoms in Schizophrenia
  • Circuit Models and Evidence in Humans
  • Interneuron Network Gamma Generation
  • The Pyramidal and Interneuron Model of Generating Gamma Oscillations
  • Animal Models of a Noisy Brain
  • Defining Baseline Gamma in Animal Models
  • Animal Models of Schizophrenia With Relation to Resting Gamma Activity
  • In Vitro Examination of Animal Models of Increased Resting Gamma
  • Relating Behavior to EEG/LFP Validation of Models
  • Summary and Conclusions
  • References
  • VI. The Structure and Function of Neural Circuits in Schizophrenia
  • 15 Computational Neuroanatomy of Schizophrenia
  • Introduction
  • Methods for Computational Neuroanatomy
  • Region of Interest Versus Voxel-Based Analysis
  • Regional Tissue Volumetrics
  • Optimally Discriminant Voxel-Based Analysis
  • Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) and Machine Learning
  • Topography of Reduced Brain Volumes in Schizophrenia
  • Single-Subject Classification: From Computational Neuroanatomy of Schizophrenia to Individualized Diagnostic Tests
  • Single-Subject Differentiation Between the Psychosis Prodrome and the At-Risk for Mental Psychosis Without Subsequent Disea ...
  • Are SCZ-Like NeuroanAtomical Patterns Possibly Endophenotypes of Disease?
  • References
  • 16 Brain Computations in Schizophrenia.
  • The Bayesian Brain, Precision, and Hierarchical Models.

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