A Territorial Approach to Climate Action and Resilience
Building on broader OECD work on climate, this report proposes a new OECD territorial climate indicator framework and demonstrates that the potential to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, adapt to climate impacts and address vulnerabilities vary across different territories, by using a new OECD terr...
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
|---|---|
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Paris :
Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development
2023.
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| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009786729906719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Preface
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations and acronyms
- Executive summary
- Key findings
- Recommended actions
- 1 Why adopt a territorial approach to climate action and resilience?
- The climate emergency has complex and place-specific impacts
- The current state of global warming
- Complex climate impacts across economic and social systems
- Climate impacts hit differently across places and people
- Governments at all levels are facing challenges in transitioning towards net zero and enhancing climate resilience
- Challenges for national governments
- Challenges for cities and regions
- Definition and potential benefits of a territorial approach to climate action and resilience
- Definition
- How can a territorial approach respond to climate challenges?
- The OECD's ongoing initiatives related to a territorial approach to climate action and resilience
- References
- Notes
- 2 Introducing the OECD territorial climate indicator framework
- Introduction: Why measure local climate action?
- Taking stock of existing climate-related indicator initiatives
- Existing initiatives measuring local climate action
- Existing climate-related indicator frameworks developed by the OECD
- Overview of the OECD territorial climate indicator framework
- A "pressure-state-response" approach
- International comparability across territorial scales
- Compatibility with existing OECD climate-related indicator frameworks
- Measuring the distance of cities and regions to achieving global and national targets
- Indicators in detail: Relevance, data sources and reference points
- Climate mitigation indicators
- GHG emissions (Indicators 1 to 5)
- Energy (Indicators 6 to 9)
- Industry (Indicators 4 and 10)
- Buildings (Indicators 4 and 14)
- Transport (Indicators 11 to 13).
- Agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU) (Indicators 15 to 17)
- Waste (Indicators 18 to 19)
- Climate adaptation and resilience indicators
- Temperature trends, heat and cold (Indicators 20 to 25)
- Wildfires (Indicators 26 to 28)
- River and coastal flooding (Indicators 29 to 30)
- Droughts (Indicator 31)
- Precipitation (Indicators 32 to 33)
- Socio-economic indicators driving vulnerability (Indicators 35 to 39)
- Actions and opportunities indicators
- Existence of subnational climate mitigation and adaptation targets and compliance with national targets (Indicator 40)
- Citizens' satisfaction with efforts to preserve the environment (Indicator 41)
- Green areas in cities (Indicator 42)
- Climate-significant expenditure and investment (Indicator 43)
- The existence of climate-related funds, grants and subsidies for subnational action (Indicator 44)
- Climate-related innovation (Indicator 45)
- Conclusions
- Annex 2.A. Complete list of territorial climate indicators and reference points
- References
- Notes
- 3 Analysing local greenhouse gas emissions, climate impacts and vulnerabilities across OECD countries: Key findings
- Introduction: Applying the OECD territorial climate indicator framework to cities and regions
- Climate mitigation
- Most OECD regions are far from reaching climate neutrality
- OECD cities also record high levels of GHG emissions, challenging climate neutrality
- OECD regions show strong disparities in low-carbon power supply and manufacturing industry
- Emissions from the building and transport sectors show large territorial disparities
- Building sector
- Transport emissions
- Private vehicle ownership
- Electric or hybrid vehicle adoption
- Public transport accessibility in cities
- Continued built-up expansion affects emissions from agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU).
- Municipal waste per capita increased in many OECD regions
- Climate adaptation
- Cities are particularly affected by heat stress
- Regions in Australia, Latin America and the Mediterranean Basin are particularly exposed to wildfires
- Burned area
- Wildfire danger
- Regions in Belgium, Northern Germany and the Netherlands are particularly vulnerable to coastal and river floods
- Soil moisture has decreased in 70% of OECD regions
- Conclusions
- References
- 4 Assessing the implementation of a territorial approach to climate action and resilience in OECD countries
- Introduction
- Integrating a place-based perspective into climate policy
- Measuring and monitoring GHG emissions, climate risks and impacts at different territorial levels
- Incorporating local action into national climate plans and strategies
- Global recognition of local climate action and resilience is increasing
- NDCs and LT-LEDS incorporating local action
- NAPs and NAS incorporating local action
- Policy implications
- Developing subnational climate goals and targets reflecting local needs and interests and aligned with the Paris Agreement
- City and regional climate goals and targets and their alignment with those of national governments
- National governments' initiatives to promote subnational climate plans and strategies
- Policy implications
- "Climate-proofing" regional development policy at all territorial levels
- Mainstreaming climate objectives in national urban, rural and regional development policies
- The role of national urban policy in climate mitigation and adaptation
- The OECD Rural Agenda for Climate Action
- Policy implications
- Promoting climate action and resilience at the right territorial scale
- Planning climate action and resilience at the metropolitan scale.
- Integrating transport and land use through transit-oriented development (TOD) in FUAs
- Greening cities: Linking climate mitigation and adaptation in FUAs
- Decarbonising buildings while addressing the affordability challenge in urban areas
- Managing water through metropolitan arrangements
- Tackling sustainable mobility in rural areas
- Accelerating the deployment of renewable energy sources in remote rural areas
- Policy implications
- Supporting neighbourhood projects generating co-benefits and synergies beyond climate
- Prioritising investment in integrated development at the neighbourhood scale that can generate co-benefits and synergies
- Using neighbourhood-scale projects for innovative solutions
- Supporting vulnerable residents and communities with a participatory approach
- Policy implications
- Enabling and scaling up local climate action and resilience
- Creating a legal and institutional environment for local climate action and resilience
- Reviewing national regulatory frameworks
- Clarifying roles and responsibilities for climate action across levels of government
- Aligning and co-ordinating climate action across levels of government
- Building local technical and human capacity
- Enhancing funding and financing mechanisms for local climate action and resilience
- The state of SNG climate finance
- Diversifying sources of funding for climate actions at the subnational level
- Own-source revenue to fund climate action
- Grants and subsidies as a major funding instrument for subnational climate action
- Accelerating local climate action through better access to external financing
- Supporting new budgetary and investment approaches for subnational climate action
- Mobilising the private sector through climate-related public-private partnerships and green public procurement
- Policy implications.
- Engaging local actors, building partnerships and sharing knowledge
- Citizen's engagement and awareness raising
- Facilitating knowledge sharing through city networks and programmes
- Policy implications
- Conclusions
- Annex 4.A. Leading practices advancing a territorial approach to climate action and resilience
- Action 1. Measure and monitor GHG emissions, climate risks and impacts at different territorial levels
- Case 1. Helping cities and regions develop adaptation measures: Vulnerability Assessment Tool to Build Climate Change Adaptation Plan (VESTAP) (Korea)
- Case 2. Identifying local climate risk together with social factors contributing to vulnerability: Climate Ready Map Explorer (Boston, United States)
- Case 3. Tracking real-time climate change impacts: Climate Mapping for Resilience and Adaption (United States)
- Action 2: Incorporate local action into national climate plans and strategies
- Case 4. Integrating cities' needs and interests into national climate policies: Roundtable of Cities and Climate Change (Colombia)
- Case 5. Developing climate strategies in close collaboration with provinces: The Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change (Canada)
- Action 3: Develop subnational climate goals and targets reflecting local needs and interests and aligned with the Paris Agreement
- Case 6. Collaborative climate action across levels of government: Council for National and Regional Decarbonisation, Regional Decarbonisation Roadmap and 100 Decarbonisation Leading Areas (Japan)
- Case 7. Delineating a whole-of-government and society approach: National Adaptation Framework (Ireland)
- Case 8. Translating EU climate targets into local action plans: Local Energy and Climate Pact (Flanders, Belgium)
- Action 4: Mainstream climate objectives in national urban, rural and regional development policies.
- Case 9. Incorporating climate objectives into national urban policies: National Urban Development Policy 2018-2030 (Costa Rica).
