Carbon Management
This report reviews a number of hybrid technologies that can be deployed to 'defossilise' economic sectors and sets out policy options to bring these technologies to commercial scale.
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
|---|---|
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Paris :
Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development
2023.
|
| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009786728606719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations and acronyms
- Executive summary
- Main policy messages
- Public policies that balance GHG reduction goals with other sustainability priorities can help meet the demand for sustainable carbon-based products
- Selection criteria should go beyond innovation excellence
- De-risk private investments in technology maturation
- Public policies can help building markets for renewable carbon
- Innovation policies may benefit from sequencing
- Policies can stimulate multi- and interdisciplinarity and hybrid technologies
- Technology deployment may benefit from industrial symbiosis
- Complexity sets the scene for policy dilemmas and unintended consequences
- Advancing climate and sustainability goals while maintaining a focus on living standards
- Holistic policy formulation and implementation
- Case studies revealed hybrid technology approaches
- 1 Carbon management: Transcending the bioeconomy
- The overall challenge goes way beyond the energy sector
- The political and policy urgency
- Decarbonisation may be misleading
- The sources of renewable carbon are limited
- Recycling as an alternative to bioproduction
- Renewable carbon requires renewable energy
- Climate targets depend on CCS and carbon removal
- The need for large-scale investments
- References
- Notes
- 2 Main policy implications and recommendations
- Carbon management - balancing policy trade-offs and dilemmas
- Sustainability tunnel vision
- The challenge of value-based policies
- The need to prioritise land use and bioresources
- Further policy aspects of carbon recycling
- Local and international access to key resources
- Regional aspects of feedstocks and energy
- International feedstock trading
- Accounting for carbon in imports and exports
- Training the workforce of the future
- Public R&.
- D support for carbon management technologies
- Selection criteria for innovation support programmes
- Prize competitions as an innovation driver
- Industry clusters set to enhance innovation
- Other financing instruments for green projects
- The root problem: Sustainable alternatives are often less competitive
- Public market stimulation is necessary
- Public policies will have to make choices
- Project assessment framework to guide public investment
- A diversity of sustainability criteria and certification schemes
- The importance of standards and certification in policy
- The inadequacy of industrial classification codes
- Market intervention to encourage private investments in renewable carbon
- 'Stick policies' - lower dependence on continued use of fossil carbon
- Discontinue fossil fuel subsidies
- Fossil carbon emission taxes
- Carbon tax is not a panacea
- ETS versus Effective Carbon Rate
- 'Carrot policies' - building markets for renewable carbon
- Production targets and mandates for renewable carbon fuels
- Stimulating markets for renewable carbon in chemicals
- Green public procurement
- Policies to stimulate industrial symbiosis
- References
- Notes
- 3 Holistic innovation policy
- Carbon transition policies needs whole society engagement.
- The green transition comes at a price but with disproportionately high benefits
- Definitions and terminology facilitate communication
- Raising awareness and public acceptance
- Carbon management as an overarching framework for policy making
- Complexity sets the scene for policy dilemmas and unintended consequences
- Governance and regulation
- Putting the framework together: being systemic
- Policy must address systemic business risks in value chains
- Systems thinking in sustainability policies
- Innovation policies should incorporate a time dimension.
- References
- Notes
- 4 Carbon management technologies
- A fresh look at bioproduction
- Biotechnologies coming of age
- Engineering biology, the missing link in biomanufacturing
- Technologies for smart and precision agriculture
- The enigma of meat
- Fertilizer and its alternatives
- Soil, the forgotten resource
- Soil microbiomes
- Carbon farming
- Biochar and CCS
- Compostable plastics and soil amendments
- Recycled and atmospheric carbon
- Recycling of wet organic material
- Treatment and recycling of dry solid waste
- Mechanical recycling of polymers
- Chemical recycling of polymers and other dry waste
- Technologies for utilisation of industry flue gases (CCU)
- C1 pathways, especially methanol
- C2 - C4 pathways
- Fossil feedstocks: electrifying the process
- Microbial single cell protein for food and feed
- Technologies for capturing and use of atmospheric CO2 (DAC)
- Liquid solvent-based DAC
- Solid sorbent-based DAC
- Carbon sequestration for compensation and removal
- Sequestration in building materials
- Solid wood construction
- Injecting CO2 in cement
- Geological storage
- Capture in sediments (between strata)
- Mineralisation
- BECCS and DACCS
- Further technological enablers in carbon-based value chains
- Nanotechnology: potential across many CCU areas
- Nanotechnology in plant agriculture - opportunities and challenges
- Automated synthetic chemistry
- Hydrogen as enabler in carbon-based value chains
- Production of hydrogen
- Green hydrogen
- Blue hydrogen
- National hydrogen strategies
- Hydrogen policies for chemicals, materials, and fuels
- References
- Notes
- 5 Case study summaries and their main policy points
- Austria: Carbon2Product Austria (C2PAT)
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Canada 1: Embedding carbon in the built environment
- Summary.
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Canada 2: Using innovation challenges as funding mechanisms to accelerate emerging CCUS technologies in Canada
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Canada 3: Turning waste and emissions into food with the circular bioeconomy
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Canada 4: Using Solid Recovered Fuels and CCUS in Industry
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Germany: ZeroCarbon Footprint (ZeroCarbFP)
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Italy 1: Bio-based, biodegradable and compostable bioplastics for organic recycling and the creation of compost
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Italy 2: PON-Platform Conversion for Eco-Sustainable Multiple Uses (PlaCE)
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Japan 1: Recycle system development of municipal and industrial waste to useful raw chemicals
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Japan 2: Efforts of CCU by the Saga City cleaning plant
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Korea: The transition towards a carbon-neutral economy: Sustainable chemicals and fuels production using nanotechnology in Korea
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Norway 1: Production of fish feed by gas fermentation
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Norway 2: Decarbonisation strategies of a ferrosilicon plant
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- United Kingdom: CCUS for Zero Carbon Fertilizer production
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- United States 1: Hybrid technologies for recycling waste carbon using gas fermentation and upgrading
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies.
- United States 2: Digital agriculture: Soil organic carbon networked measurements technologies
- Summary
- Public intervention and supporting policies
- Notes
- 6 Concluding remarks
- This publication is not primarily about climate policy
- Time and scale
- History is the future
- References.
