OECD Competition Assessment Reviews : Iceland

OECD Competition Assessment Reviews Iceland

This review analyses regulatory barriers to competition in the sectors of construction and tourism in Iceland, with the goal of helping Icelandic authorities make regulation more pro-competitive while fostering long-lasting growth.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Paris : Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development 2020.
Edición:1st ed
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009786725506719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Blank Page
  • Blank Page
  • Preface
  • By Þórdís Kolbrún Reykfjörð Gylfadóttir, Minister of Tourism, Industry and Innovation
  • Preface
  • By Páll Gunnar Pálsson, Director General of the Icelandic Competition Authority
  • Foreword
  • Acknowledgements
  • Abbreviations and acronyms
  • Units of measurement
  • Executive Summary
  • Construction
  • Tourism
  • Conclusion
  • 1 Assessment and recommendations
  • 1.1. Analytical approach
  • 1.2. The benefits of competition
  • 1.3. Administrative burdens
  • 1.4. Main recommendations from the Competition Assessment Project
  • 1.4.1. Planning
  • Planning processes
  • Certain planning requirements raise substantial costs
  • Rules for plot allocation may restrict access to plots
  • 1.4.2. Building regulations
  • Inconsistencies in how building inspectors interpret building legislation
  • The application process for building permits is unclear and burdensome
  • Notifications are burdensome
  • Detailed design requirements and Universal Design
  • Standards
  • 1.4.3. Building materials, equipment and facilities
  • Construction products regulation
  • Transport subsidies
  • Licensing of facilities and equipment
  • Service providers for fire safety equipment
  • Outdated or obsolete regulations
  • 1.4.4. Professions
  • The overall framework for licensed professions in Iceland
  • Master tradespersons
  • Carpentry, electrical and plumbing tradespeople
  • Construction managers
  • Licensed designers
  • Real estate agents
  • Bakers
  • Photographers
  • Architects and engineers
  • 1.4.5. Tourism activities
  • Tourism transport licence
  • Special equipped vehicles licence
  • Nationality requirements for sea angling tours
  • Accommodation standards
  • Limits on repurposing buildings as accommodation establishments
  • Protected areas
  • 1.4.6. Transportation related to tourism
  • Airport ownership.
  • Regulation of airport tariffs
  • Concession of commercial activities
  • Professional competence requirements for taxi drivers
  • Limits on holding taxi licences
  • Taxi meters and pre-negotiated prices
  • Car rentals
  • 1.5. Benefits of lifting barriers
  • Prioritisation of recommendations
  • References
  • Notes
  • 2 Overview of the construction sector
  • 2.1. Economic overview of the construction sector
  • 2.2. Regulatory environment
  • References
  • Notes
  • 3 Planning and land use
  • 3.1. Development plans
  • 3.1.1. Regulatory framework
  • Relevant authorities
  • Municipal plans
  • Local plan
  • 3.1.2. Harm to competition
  • 3.1.3. Recommendation
  • 3.2. Street construction fee and parking space requirements
  • 3.2.1. Regulatory requirements
  • 3.2.2. Harm to competition
  • 3.2.3. Recommendation
  • 3.3. Plot allocation
  • 3.3.1. Legal framework
  • 3.3.2. Harm to competition
  • 3.3.3. Recommendation
  • References
  • Notes
  • 4 Building regulations
  • 4.1. Regulatory framework
  • 4.1.1. Authorities
  • 4.2. Building inspectors
  • 4.2.1. Harm to competition
  • 4.2.2. Recommendations
  • 4.3. Building permits
  • 4.3.1. Regulatory requirements
  • 4.3.2. Harm to competition
  • 4.3.3. Recommendations
  • 4.4. Construction notifications
  • 4.4.1. Regulatory requirements
  • 4.4.2. Harm to competition
  • 4.4.3. Recommendations
  • 4.5. Detailed design requirements and universal design
  • 4.5.1. Regulatory requirements
  • 4.5.2. Harm to competition
  • 4.5.3. Recommendations
  • 4.6. Standards
  • 4.6.1. European standards
  • 4.6.2. National standards
  • 4.6.3. Harm to competition
  • 4.6.4. Recommendation
  • References
  • 5 Building materials, facilities and equipment
  • 5.1. Regulatory framework
  • 5.2. Quality of construction products
  • 5.2.1. Regulatory framework
  • 5.2.2. Harm to competition
  • 5.2.3. Recommendations
  • 5.3. Transport subsidies.
  • 5.3.1. Regulatory framework
  • 5.3.2. Harm to competition
  • 5.3.3. Recommendations
  • 5.4. Licensing and authorisation requirements in the sector
  • 5.4.1. Description and objective of the provisions
  • 5.4.2. Requirements on facilities, security and hygiene in the work place
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • 5.4.3. Service providers for fire safety equipment
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • 5.4.4. Driver's licences and driver's safety
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • 5.5. Outdated and/or obsolete provisions
  • 5.5.1. Recommendation
  • References
  • Notes
  • 6 Professions
  • 6.1. Background to the regulation of professions
  • 6.1.1. Rationale for regulating professions
  • 6.1.2. Models of regulation for professional services
  • Licensing with reserved activities
  • Certification and protected title
  • Registration
  • Insurance and bonding regimes
  • 6.1.3. Empirical evidence of the impact of regulating professions on consumers and markets
  • 6.1.4. Regulatory framework
  • 6.2. Professions subject to reserved activities and licensing regulations
  • 6.2.1. The overall framework for licensed professions in Iceland
  • Description of the barriers
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • 6.2.2. Licensing of master tradespersons
  • Description of the barriers
  • Harm to competition from restrictions relating to master tradespersons
  • International experience
  • Recommendations
  • 6.2.3. Carpentry, electrical and plumbing tradespeople
  • Description of the barriers
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • 6.2.4. Construction managers
  • A building permit is not issued unless a licensed construction manager has been engaged to oversee the construction project (Article 27, paragraph 1 of Law no. 160/2010 on Buildings). Construction managers are responsible for overseeing all types of c.
  • Description of the barriers
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • 6.2.5. Licensed designers
  • Description of the barriers
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • 6.2.6. Quality control systems for licensed master tradesmen, construction managers and licensed designers
  • Description of the barriers
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • 6.2.7. Real estate agents
  • Description of the barriers
  • Harm to competition
  • Reserved activities
  • Ownership restrictions
  • Recommendations
  • 6.2.8. Bakers
  • Description of the barriers
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • 6.2.9. Photographers
  • Description of the barriers
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendation
  • 6.3. Professions subject to protected title regulations
  • 6.1.1. Architects
  • Description of the barriers
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendation
  • 6.1.2. Engineers
  • Description of the barrier
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendation
  • Annex 6.A. Calculating the occupational entry restrictions indicator
  • References
  • 7 Tourism activities
  • 7.1. Description of the tourism sector
  • 7.1.1. Economic overview
  • Pre-Covid-19 tourism growth
  • The impact of Covid-19
  • Composition of the tourism sector
  • Accommodation
  • Restaurants and food services
  • Land and air transportation
  • 7.2. Regulatory framework of the tourism sector
  • 7.2.1. State and local government interplay
  • 7.2.2. Light overall regulatory burdens
  • 7.3. Licences for transport in tourism
  • 7.3.1. Harm to competition
  • 7.3.2. Recommendation
  • Tourism transport licence
  • Special equipped vehicles licence
  • 7.3.3. Nationality requirements for sea angling tours
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • 7.4. Restaurants, accommodation and entertainment
  • 7.4.1. Restrictions identified in the restaurant and the accommodation sub-sector
  • Cost of licence to operate.
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendation
  • 7.4.2. Accommodation standards
  • Recommendation
  • 7.4.3. Limits on new accommodation establishments
  • Recommendation
  • 7.5. Protected Areas
  • 7.5.1. Overview of the regulatory framework in the protected areas
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • References
  • 8 Transport related to tourism
  • 8.1. Air transport
  • 8.1.1. Airport ownership and operating model
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendation
  • 8.1.2. Regulation of airport tariffs
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendation
  • 8.1.3. Concession of commercial activities
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendation
  • 8.2. Taxis
  • The current framework for taxi regulation in Iceland
  • Market outcomes
  • Reforming taxi regulation
  • 8.2.2. Professional competence
  • Description of the barrier
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendation
  • 8.2.3. Limits on ability to hold licences
  • Description of the barrier
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendation
  • 8.2.4. Taxi meters or pre-negotiated prices
  • Description of the barrier
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendation
  • 8.3. Car rentals
  • 8.3.1. Physical premises
  • Description of the barrier
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • 8.3.2. Professional indemnity insurance
  • Description of the barrier
  • Harm to competition
  • Recommendations
  • Annex 8.A. Data on airport cost competitiveness and charges
  • References
  • Annex A. Methodology
  • Stage 1: the Inception report
  • Stage 2: mapping and collection of regulations
  • Stage 3: screening for potential restrictions to competition
  • Stage 4: In-depth analysis of the harm to competition
  • Stages 5 and 6: formulation of recommendations and final report
  • Stage 7: end of project and implementation support
  • Co-operation with the Icelandic administration
  • References
  • Annex B. Recommendations.

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