Organic Chemistry, Global Edition
This title is a Pearson Global Edition. Theeditorial team at Pearson has worked closely with educators around the world toinclude content which is especially relevant to an international and diverseaudience. For coursesin Organic Chemistry (2 Semester) Engagestudents in complex problem solving with...
| Otros Autores: | , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Harlow :
Pearson Education Limited
[2022]
|
| Edición: | Tenth edition |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009771835506719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright
- About the Authors
- Brief Contents
- Contents
- About the Authors
- Preface
- The Keys to Organic Chemistry
- Principles, Preparation, and Problem Solving
- The Keys to Organic Chemistry
- Principles, Preparation, and Problem Solving
- Resources Available Online
- Acknowledgments
- Global Edition Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1. Structure And Bonding
- 1-1 The Origins of Organic Chemistry
- 1-2 Principles of Atomic Structure
- 1-3 Bond Formation: The Octet Rule
- 1-4 Lewis Structures
- 1-5 Multiple Bonding
- Summary: Common Bonding Patterns (Uncharged)
- 1-6 Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
- 1-7 Formal Charges
- Summary: Common Bonding Patterns in Organic Compounds and Ions
- 1-8 Ionic Structures
- 1-9 Resonance
- Problem-Solving Strategy: Drawing And Evaluating Resonance Forms
- 1-10 Structural Formulas
- 1-11 Molecular Formulas and Empirical Formulas
- 1-12 Wave Properties of Electrons in Orbitals
- 1-13 Molecular Orbitals
- 1-14 Pi Bonding
- 1-15 Hybridization and Molecular Shapes
- 1-16 Drawing Three-Dimensional Molecules
- 1-17 General Rules of Hybridization and Geometry
- Summary: Hybridization and Geometry
- 1-18 Bond Rotation
- 1-19 Isomerism
- Essential Terms
- Study Problems
- Chapter 2. Acids And Bases
- Functional Groups
- 2-1 Polarity of Bonds and Molecules
- 2-2 Intermolecular Forces
- 2-3 Polarity Effects on Solubilities
- 2-4 Arrhenius Acids and Bases
- 2-5 Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
- 2-6 Strengths of Acids and Bases
- 2-7 Equilibrium Positions of Acid-Base Reactions
- Problem-Solving Strategy: Predicting Acid-Base Equilibrium Positions
- 2-8 Solvent Effects on Acidity and Basicity
- Summary: Acidity and Basicity Limitations in Common Solvents
- 2-9 Effects of Size and Electronegativity on Acidity
- 2-10 Inductive Effects on Acidity.
- 2-11 Hybridization Effects on Acidity
- 2-12 Resonance Effects on Acidity and Basicity
- 2-13 Lewis Acids and Bases
- 2-14 The Curved-Arrow Formalism
- 2-15 Hydrocarbons
- 2-16 Functional Groups with Oxygen
- 2-17 Functional Groups with Nitrogen
- Essential Terms
- Study Problems
- Chapter 3. Structure And Stereochemistry Of Alkanes
- 3-1 Classification of Hydrocarbons (Review)
- 3-2 Molecular Formulas of Alkanes
- 3-3 Nomenclature of Alkanes
- Summary: Rules for Naming Alkanes
- 3-4 Physical Properties of Alkanes
- 3-5 Uses and Sources of Alkanes
- 3-6 Reactions of Alkanes
- 3-7 Structure and Conformations of Alkanes
- 3-8 Conformations of Butane
- 3-9 Conformations of Higher Alkanes
- 3-10 Cycloalkanes
- 3-11 Cis-trans Isomerism in Cycloalkanes
- 3-12 Stabilities of Cycloalkanes
- Ring Strain
- 3-13 Cyclohexane Conformations
- Problem-Solving Strategy: Drawing Chair Conformations
- 3-14 Conformations of Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes
- 3-15 Conformations of Disubstituted Cyclohexanes
- Problem-Solving Strategy: Recognizing Cis and Trans Isomers
- 3-16 Bicyclic Molecules
- Essential Terms
- Study Problems
- Chapter 4. The Study Of Chemical Reactions
- 4-1 Introduction
- 4-2 Chlorination of Methane
- 4-3 The Free-Radical Chain Reaction
- 4-4 Equilibrium Constants and Free Energy
- 4-5 Enthalpy and Entropy
- 4-6 Bond-Dissociation Enthalpies
- 4-7 Enthalpy Changes in Chlorination
- 4-8 Kinetics and the Rate Equation
- 4-9 Activation Energy and the Temperature Dependence of Rates
- 4-10 Transition States
- 4-11 Rates of Multistep Reactions
- 4-12 Temperature Dependence of Halogenation
- 4-13 Selectivity in Halogenation
- 4-14 Hammond's Postulate
- Problem-Solving Strategy: Proposing Reaction Mechanisms
- 4-15 Radical Inhibitors
- 4-16 Reactive Intermediates
- Summary: Reactive Intermediates.
- Essential Terms
- Study Problems
- Chapter 5. Stereochemistry
- 5-1 Introduction
- 5-2 Chirality
- 5-3 (R) and (S) Nomenclature of Asymmetric Carbon Atoms
- 5-4 Optical Activity
- 5-5 Biological Discrimination of Enantiomers
- 5-6 Racemic Mixtures
- 5-7 Enantiomeric Excess and Optical Purity
- 5-8 Chirality of Conformationally Mobile Systems
- 5-9 Chiral Compounds Without Asymmetric Atoms
- 5-10 Fischer Projections
- Summary: Fischer Projections and Their Use
- 5-11 Diastereomers
- Summary: Types of Isomers
- 5-12 Stereochemistry of Molecules with Two or More Asymmetric Carbons
- 5-13 Meso Compounds
- 5-14 Absolute and Relative Configuration
- 5-15 Physical Properties of Diastereomers
- 5-16 Resolution of Enantiomers
- Essential Terms
- Study Problems
- Chapter 6. Alkyl Halides
- Nucleophilic Substitution
- 6-1 Introduction
- 6-2 Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides
- 6-3 Common Uses of Alkyl Halides
- 6-4 Structure of Alkyl Halides
- 6-5 Physical Properties of Alkyl Halides
- 6-6 Preparation of Alkyl Halides
- Summary: Methods for Preparing Alkyl Halides
- 6-7 Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Substitution and Elimination
- 6-8 Bimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution: The SN2 Reaction
- 6-9 Generality of the SN2 Reaction
- Summary: SN2 Reactions of Alkyl Halides
- 6-10 Factors Affecting SN2 Reactions: Strength of the Nucleophile
- Summary: Trends in Nucleophilicity
- 6-11 Reactivity of the Substrate in SN2 Reactions
- 6-12 Stereochemistry of the SN2 Reaction
- 6-13 Unimolecular Nucleophilic Substitution: The SN1 Reaction
- 6-14 Stereochemistry of the SN1 Reaction
- 6-15 Rearrangements in SN1 Reactions
- 6-16 Comparison of SN1 and SN2 Reactions
- Summary: Nucleophilic Substitutions
- Summary: Reactions of Alkyl Halides
- Essential Terms
- Study Problems
- Chapter 7. Structure And Synthesis Of Alkenes
- Elimination.
- 7-1 Introduction
- 7-2 The Orbital Description of the Alkene Double Bond
- 7-3 Elements of Unsaturation
- 7-4 Nomenclature of Alkenes
- 7-5 Nomenclature of Cis-Trans Isomers
- Summary: Rules for Naming Alkenes
- 7-6 Commercial Importance of Alkenes
- 7-7 Physical Properties of Alkenes
- 7-8 Stability of Alkenes
- 7-9 Formation of Alkenes by Dehydrohalogenation of Alkyl Halides
- 7-10 Unimolecular Elimination: The E1 Reaction
- Summary: Carbocation Reactions
- 7-11 Positional Orientation of Elimination: Zaitsev's Rule
- 7-12 Bimolecular Elimination: The E2 Reaction
- 7-13 Bulky Bases in E2 Eliminations
- Hofmann Orientation
- 7-14 Stereochemistry of the E2 Reaction
- 7-15 E2 Reactions in Cyclohexane Systems
- 7-16 Comparison of E1 and E2 Elimination Mechanisms
- Summary: Elimination Reactions
- 7-17 Competition Between Substitutions and Eliminations
- Summary: Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides
- Problem-Solving Strategy: Predicting Substitutions And Eliminations
- 7-18 Alkene Synthesis by Dehydration of Alcohols
- 7-19 Alkene Synthesis by High-Temperature Industrial Methods
- Problem-Solving Strategy: Proposing Reaction Mechanisms
- Summary: Methods for Synthesis of Alkenes
- Essential Terms
- Study Problems
- Chapter 8. Reactions Of Alkenes
- 8-1 Reactivity of the Carbon-Carbon Double Bond
- 8-2 Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes
- 8-3 Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkenes
- 8-4 Addition of Water: Hydration of Alkenes
- 8-5 Hydration by Oxymercuration-Demercuration
- 8-6 Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration
- 8-7 Hydroboration of Alkenes
- 8-8 Addition of Halogens to Alkenes
- 8-9 Formation of Halohydrins
- 8-10 Catalytic Hydrogenation of Alkenes
- 8-11 Addition of Carbenes to Alkenes
- 8-12 Epoxidation of Alkenes
- 8-13 Acid-Catalyzed Opening of Epoxides.
- 8-14 Syn Dihydroxylation of Alkenes
- 8-15 Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes
- 8-16 Polymerization of Alkenes
- 8-17 Olefin Metathesis
- Problem-Solving Strategy: Organic Synthesis
- Summary: Reactions of Alkenes
- Summary: Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes
- Summary: Oxidation and Cyclopropanation Reactions of Alkenes
- Essential Terms
- Study Problems
- Chapter 9. Alkynes
- 9-1 Introduction
- 9-2 Nomenclature of Alkynes
- 9-3 Physical Properties of Alkynes
- 9-4 Commercial Importance of Alkynes
- 9-5 Electronic Structure of Alkynes
- 9-6 Acidity of Alkynes
- Formation of Acetylide Ions
- 9-7 Synthesis of Alkynes from Acetylides
- 9-8 Synthesis of Alkynes by Elimination Reactions
- Summary: Syntheses of Alkynes
- 9-9 Addition Reactions of Alkynes
- 9-10 Oxidation of Alkynes
- Problem-Solving Strategy: Multistep Synthesis
- Summary: Reactions of Alkynes
- Summary: Reactions of Terminal Alkynes
- Essential Terms
- Study Problems
- Chapter 10. Structure And Synthesis Of Alcohols
- 10-1 Introduction
- 10-2 Structure and Classification of Alcohols
- 10-3 Nomenclature of Alcohols and Phenols
- 10-4 Physical Properties of Alcohols
- 10-5 Commercially Important Alcohols
- 10-6 Acidity of Alcohols and Phenols
- 10-7 Synthesis of Alcohols: Introduction and Review
- Summary: Previous Alcohol Syntheses
- 10-8 Organometallic Reagents for Alcohol Synthesis
- 10-9 Reactions of Organometallic Compounds
- Summary: Grignard Reactions
- 10-10 Side Reactions of Organometallic Reagents: Reduction of Alkyl Halides
- 10-11 Reduction of the Carbonyl Group: Synthesis of 1° and 2° Alcohols
- Summary: Reactions of LiAIH4 and NaBH4
- Summary: Alcohol Syntheses by Nucleophilic Additions to Carbonyl Groups
- 10-12 Thiols (Mercaptans)
- Summary: Synthesis of Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds
- Essential Terms
- Study Problems.
- Chapter 11. Reactions Of Alcohols.
