Tax Policy Reforms 2023

Tax Policy Reforms 2023

This is the eighth edition of Tax Policy Reforms: OECD and Selected Partner Economies, an annual publication that provides comparative information on tax reforms across countries and tracks tax policy developments over time. The report covers the tax policy reforms introduced or announced in 2022 in...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (author)
Corporate Author: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, author, issuing body (author)
Format: eBook
Language:Inglés
Published: Paris : OECD Publishing 2023.
Edition:1st ed
Series:Tax Policy Reforms Series
Subjects:
Taxation > Congresses.
See on Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009769025006719
Table of Contents:
  • Intro
  • Foreword
  • Executive summary
  • 1 Macroeconomic background
  • References
  • 2 Tax revenue context
  • 2.1. Trends in tax revenue levels
  • 2.2. Trends in tax structures
  • References
  • Notes
  • 3 Tax policy reforms
  • 3.1. Personal income tax and social security contributions
  • 3.1.1. PIT and SSCs continue to be a major source of tax revenue
  • 3.1.2. Elevated inflation levels in 2022 had a significant impact on the tax burden on income from labour
  • 3.1.3. A number of jurisdictions sought to raise tax revenues and promote progressivity by reducing the tax burden on lower-income earners and increasing top PIT rates
  • 3.1.4. Reforms narrowing PIT bases continued in 2022
  • Most jurisdictions increased the generosity of general PIT allowances and credits and adjusted tax thresholds for inflation
  • Several jurisdictions introduced temporary PIT measures to help households cope with elevated inflation levels, and significant increases in energy prices in particular
  • Jurisdictions continued to introduce PIT measures to support lower income households with caring costs in 2022
  • A few OECD countries provided support for the elderly through their PIT regime
  • Tax reforms for the self-employed were mostly aimed at promoting investment and boosting economic activity in specific sectors
  • Several jurisdictions introduced PIT reforms to encourage investment, attract skilled professionals and encourage greater employment, particularly among young workers
  • PIT provisions were also used to promote housing affordability and environmental sustainability in some jurisdictions
  • 3.1.5. A few jurisdictions introduced measures that broadened PIT bases
  • 3.1.6. Changes to the taxation of capital income increased in 2022 compared to 2021, but remained relatively limited.
  • 3.1.7. There was a marked increase in the number of SSC reforms introduced by jurisdictions in comparison to previous years
  • Jurisdictions raised SSC rates to improve the financial sustainability of social security systems, while rate decreases
  • Jurisdictions introduced fewer reforms affecting SSC bases compared to previous years
  • 3.2. Corporate income taxes and other corporate taxes
  • 3.2.1. CIT revenue trends vary across jurisdictions
  • 3.2.2. CIT rates have stabilised after decades of decline
  • Standard corporate income tax rates
  • CIT rates for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
  • Other business taxes
  • Intellectual property regimes
  • 3.2.3. Many jurisdictions have continued to increase the generosity of corporate tax incentives
  • Capital allowances and general incentives
  • Research and development and innovation tax incentives
  • SME-related tax base changes
  • Loss carryforward and carryback provisions, notional interest deductions, and double taxation
  • Environmentally related tax incentives
  • 3.2.4. International tax issues remain a key driver of business tax reforms
  • Progress on the Two-Pillar Solution
  • The wider OECD/G20 BEPS programme
  • 3.3. Taxes on goods and services
  • 3.3.1. Revenues from taxes on goods and services account for more than 30% of total tax revenue on average
  • 3.3.2. Reduced VAT rates were used by many jurisdictions as a means to limit prices increases in certain sectors
  • 3.3.3. Changes in standard VAT rates remained rare
  • 3.3.4. There is an emerging trend of jurisdictions using their VAT systems to promote environmental sustainability
  • 3.3.5. Temporary VAT rate changes for specific sectors were rare compared to previous years as most jurisdictions phased out COVID-19 related support measures.
  • 3.3.6. Reduced VAT rates continue to be applied to a diverse set of goods and services in 2022, continuing a long-term trend.
  • 3.3.7. In contrast, some jurisdictions increased their VAT rate in certain sectors
  • 3.3.8. Jurisdictions continue to adapt their VAT systems to try to harness the growing digitalisation of the economy
  • 3.3.9. A small group of jurisdictions introduced VAT base broadening measures
  • 3.3.10. Excise taxes continue to be used by governments to raise revenues and discourage some forms of unhealthy consumption
  • 3.4. Environmentally related taxes
  • 3.4.1. Environmentally related taxes and climate action
  • 3.4.2. Taxes on energy use
  • The use of explicit carbon pricing mechanisms is growing as jurisdictions seek ways of quickening the transition to lower carbon economies
  • Energy taxes were lowered in 2022 as jurisdictions supported households and businesses with rising costs driven by elevated global energy prices
  • 3.4.3. The adoption of new electric vehicle tax incentives has slowed in high-income countries but is becoming increasingly common in middle-income countries
  • 3.4.4. Other environmentally related tax bases
  • 3.5. Taxes on property
  • 3.5.1. Property taxes account for a limited proportion of total tax revenues
  • 3.5.2. An increasing number of jurisdictions have turned to property tax reforms to boost tax revenues
  • References
  • Notes
  • Blank Page.

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