Essentials of anatomy and physiology
For one-semester courses in anatomy & physiology. Celebrated for its precise illustrations, emphasis on integration, and engaging clinical content, Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology is crafted especially for students with no prior knowledge of anatomy & physiology and little science bac...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
England :
Pearson Education, Limited
[2021]
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| Edición: | Eighth edition, Global edition |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009767232406719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Text and Illustration Team
- Preface
- Contents
- 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
- An Introduction to Studying the Human Body
- 1-1 All living things display responsiveness, growth, reproduction, movement, and metabolism
- 1-2 Anatomy is structure, and physiology is function
- Anatomy
- Physiology
- 1-3 Levels of organization progress from atoms and molecules to a complete organism
- 1-4 The human body consists of 11 organ systems
- 1-5 Homeostasis is the state of internal balance
- 1-6 Negative feedback opposes variations from normal, whereas positive feedback exaggerates them
- Negative Feedback
- Positive Feedback
- 1-7 Anatomical terms describe body regions, anatomical positions and directions, and body sections
- Surface Anatomy
- Sectional Anatomy
- 1-8 Body cavities of the trunk protect internal organs and allow them to change shape
- The Thoracic Cavity
- The Abdominopelvic Cavity
- SPOTLIGHT
- Levels of Organization
- CLINICAL NOTES
- Homeostasis and Disease
- Imaging Techniques
- Chapter Review
- 2 The Chemical Level of Organization
- An Introduction to the Chemical Level of Organization
- 2-1 Atoms are the basic particles of matter
- Atomic Structure
- Isotopes
- Atomic Weight
- Electron Shells
- 2-2 Chemical bonds are forces formed by interactions between atoms
- Ionic Bonds
- Covalent Bonds
- Hydrogen Bonds
- 2-3 Decomposition, synthesis, and exchange reactions are important chemical reactions in physiology
- Basic Energy Concepts
- Types of Reactions
- Reversible Reactions
- 2-4 Enzymes catalyze specific biochemical reactions by lowering a reaction's activation energy
- 2-5 Inorganic compounds usually lack carbon, and organic compounds always contain carbon
- 2-6 Physiological systems depend on water.
- 2-7 Body fluid pH is vital for homeostasis
- 2-8 Acids, bases, and salts have important physiological roles
- Salts
- Buffers and pH
- 2-9 Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
- 2-10 Lipids contain a carbon-to-hydrogen ratio of 1:2
- Fatty Acids
- Fats
- Steroids
- Phospholipids
- 2-11 Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen and are formed from amino acids
- Protein Function
- Protein Structure
- Enzyme Function
- 2-12 DNA and RNA are nucleic acids
- Structure of Nucleic Acids
- 2-13 ATP is a high-energy compound used by cells
- 2-14 Chemicals form functional units called cells
- SPOTLIGHT
- Chemical Notation
- CLINICAL NOTE
- Too Sweet on Sugar?
- Chapter Review
- 3 Cell Structure and Function
- An Introduction to Cell Structure and Function
- 3-1 The study of cells provides the foundation for understanding human physiology
- The Study of Cells
- An Overview of Cell Anatomy
- 3-2 The plasma membrane separates the cell from its surrounding environment and performs various functions
- Membrane Lipids
- Membrane Proteins
- Membrane Carbohydrates
- 3-3 Diffusion is a passive transport process that assists membrane passage
- Diffusion
- 3-4 Carrier-mediated and vesicular transport processes assist membrane passage
- Carrier-Mediated Transport
- Vesicular Transport
- 3-5 Organelles within the cytoplasm perform specific functions
- The Cytosol
- The Organelles
- 3-6 The nucleus contains DNA and enzymes essential for controlling cellular activities
- Nuclear Structure and Contents
- Information Storage in the Nucleus
- 3-7 DNA controls protein synthesis, cell structure, and cell function
- Transcription
- Translation
- 3-8 Stages of a cell's life cycle include interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
- Interphase.
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
- 3-9 Tumors and cancers are characterized by abnormal cell growth and division
- 3-10 Cellular differentiation is cellular specialization as a result of gene activation or repression
- SPOTLIGHT
- Anatomy of a Model Cell
- Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Packaging
- CLINICAL NOTES
- Inheritable Mitochondrial Disorders
- DNA Fingerprinting
- Mutations and Mosaicism
- Chapter Review
- 4 The Tissue Level of Organization
- An Introduction to the Tissue Level of Organization
- 4-1 The four tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
- 4-2 Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces, lines cavities and tubular structures, and serves essential functions
- Functions of Epithelia
- Intercellular Connections
- The Epithelial Surface
- The Basement Membrane
- Epithelial Renewal and Repair
- 4-3 Cell shape and number of layers determine the classification of epithelia
- Cell Layers
- Cell Shapes
- Classification of Epithelia
- Glandular Epithelia
- 4-4 Connective tissue provides a protective structural framework for other tissue types
- Connective Tissue Proper
- Types of Connective Tissue Proper
- Fluid Connective Tissues
- Supporting Connective Tissues
- 4-5 Tissue membranes are physical barriers of four types: mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial
- Mucous Membranes
- Serous Membranes
- The Cutaneous Membrane
- Synovial Membranes
- 4-6 The three types of muscle tissue are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
- Skeletal Muscle Tissue
- Cardiac Muscle Tissue
- Smooth Muscle Tissue
- 4-7 Nervous tissue responds to stimuli and propagates electrical impulses throughout the body
- 4-8 The response to tissue injury involves inflammation and regeneration
- 4-9 With advancing age, tissue repair declines and cancer rates increase
- Aging and Tissue Structure
- Aging and Cancer Rates.
- SPOTLIGHT
- Inflammation and Regeneration
- CLINICAL NOTES
- Exfoliative Cytology
- Marfan Syndrome
- Adipose Tissue and Weight Control
- Cartilages and Joint Injuries
- Chapter Review
- 5 The Integumentary System
- An Introduction to the Integumentary System
- 5-1 The epidermis is composed of strata (layers) with various functions
- Stratum Basale
- Intermediate Strata
- Stratum Corneum
- 5-2 Epidermal pigmentation and dermal circulation influence skin color
- The Role of Pigmentation
- The Role of Dermal Circulation
- 5-3 Sunlight has beneficial and detrimental effects on the skin
- The Epidermis and Vitamin D3
- Skin Cancers
- 5-4 The dermis is the tissue layer that supports the epidermis
- 5-5 The subcutaneous layer connects the dermis to underlying tissues
- 5-6 Hair is composed of dead, keratinized cells that have been pushed to the skin surface
- The Structure of Hair and Hair Follicles
- Functions of Hair
- Hair Color
- 5-7 Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are exocrine glands found in the skin
- Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
- Sweat Glands
- 5-8 Nails are keratinized epidermal cells that protect the tips of fingers and toes
- 5-9 After an injury, the integument is repaired in several phases
- Repair of Skin Injuries
- Effects of Burns
- 5-10 Effects of aging include dermal thinning, wrinkling, and reduced melanocyte activity
- SPOTLIGHT
- The Epidermis
- CLINICAL NOTES
- Drug Administration through the Skin
- Disorders of Keratin Production
- Dermatitis
- Hair Loss
- Burns
- Chapter Review
- 6 The Skeletal System
- An Introduction to the Skeletal System
- 6-1 The skeletal system has five major functions
- 6-2 Bones are classified according to shape and structure
- Macroscopic Features of Bone
- Microscopic Features of Bone.
- 6-3 Ossification and appositional growth are processes of bone formation and enlargement
- Intramembranous Ossification
- Endochondral Ossification
- Bone Growth and Body Proportions
- Requirements for Normal Bone Growth
- 6-4 Bone growth and development depend on a balance between bone formation and resorption, and on calcium availability
- The Role of Remodeling in Support
- The Skeleton as a Calcium Reserve
- Repair of Fractures
- 6-5 Osteopenia has a widespread effect on aging skeletal tissue
- 6-6 The bones of the skeleton are distinguished by bone markings and grouped into two skeletal divisions
- Bone Markings (Surface Features)
- Skeletal Divisions
- 6-7 The bones of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage make up the axial skeleton
- The Skull
- The Vertebral Column and Thoracic Cage
- 6-8 The pectoral girdles and upper limb bones, and the pelvic girdle and lower limb bones, make up the appendicular skeleton
- The Pectoral Girdles
- The Upper Limb
- The Pelvic Girdle
- The Lower Limb
- 6-9 Joints are categorized according to their range of motion or anatomical organization
- Immovable Joints (Synarthroses)
- Slightly Movable Joints (Amphiarthroses)
- Freely Movable Joints (Diarthroses)
- 6-10 The structure and functions of synovial joints enable various skeletal movements
- Types of Movements at Synovial Joints
- Types of Synovial Joints
- 6-11 Intervertebral joints and appendicular joints demonstrate functional differences in support and mobility
- Intervertebral Joints
- Joints of the Upper Limb
- Joints of the Lower Limb
- 6-12 The skeletal system supports and stores energy and minerals for other body systems
- SPOTLIGHT
- Synovial Joints
- CLINICAL NOTES
- Types of Fractures and Steps in Repair
- Osteoporosis
- Rheumatism and Arthritis
- Hip Fractures
- Chapter Review.
- 7 The Muscular System.
