Principles of human physiology

Principles of human physiology

Detalles Bibliográficos
Otros Autores: Stanfield, Cindy L., author (author)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Harlow, England : Pearson 2017.
Edición:Sixth edition, Global edition
Materias:
Human physiology > Textbooks.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009767231706719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright Page
  • About the Author
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • Brief Contents
  • Contents
  • List of Boxes
  • 1 Introduction to Physiology
  • 1.1 Organization of the Body
  • Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems
  • The Overall Body Plan: A Simplified View
  • 1.2 Homeostasis: A Central Organizing Principle of Physiology
  • Negative Feedback Control in Homeostasis
  • 1.3 The Diabetes Epidemic
  • Prevalence of Diabetes
  • Obesity and Diabetes
  • Classification of Diabetes
  • Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus
  • Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
  • Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
  • Chapter Summary
  • Exercises
  • 2 The Cell Structure and Function
  • 2.1 Biomolecules
  • Carbohydrates
  • Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides
  • Lipids
  • Amino Acids and Proteins
  • Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
  • 2.2 Cell Structure
  • Structure of the Plasma Membrane
  • Structure of the Nucleus
  • Contents of the Cytosol
  • Structure of Membranous Organelles
  • Structure of Nonmembranous Organelles
  • 2.3 Cell-to-Cell Adhesions
  • Tight Junctions
  • Desmosomes
  • Gap Junctions
  • 2.4 General Cell Functions
  • Metabolism
  • Cellular Transport
  • Intercellular Communication
  • 2.5 Protein Synthesis
  • The Role of the Genetic Code
  • Transcription
  • Destination of Proteins
  • Post-translational Processing and Packaging of Proteins
  • Regulation of Protein Synthesis
  • Protein Degradation
  • 2.6 Cell Division
  • Replication of DNA
  • The Cell Cycle
  • Chapter Summary
  • Exercises
  • 3 Cell Metabolism
  • 3.1 Types of Metabolic Reactions
  • Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions
  • Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation Reactions
  • Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  • 3.2 Metabolic Reactions and Energy
  • Energy and the Laws of Thermodynamics
  • Energy Changes in Reactions
  • Activation Energy
  • 3.3 Reaction Rates.
  • Factors Affecting the Rates of Chemical Reactions
  • The Role of Enzymes in Chemical Reactions
  • 3.4 ATP: The Medium of Energy Exchange
  • 3.5 Glucose Oxidation: The Central Reaction of Energy Metabolism
  • Coupling Glucose Oxidation to ATP Synthesis
  • 3.6 Stages of Glucose Oxidation: Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and Oxidative Phosphorylation
  • Glycolysis
  • The Krebs Cycle
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
  • The Electron Transport Chain
  • Summary of Glucose Oxidation
  • Glucose Catabolism in the Absence of Oxygen
  • 3.7 Energy Storage and Use: Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins
  • Glycogen Metabolism
  • Gluconeogenesis: Formation of New Glucose
  • Fat Metabolism
  • Protein Metabolism
  • Chapter Summary
  • Exercises
  • 4 Cell Membrane Transport
  • 4.1 Factors Affecting the Direction of Transport
  • Passive Transport Versus Active Transport
  • Driving Forces Acting on Molecules
  • 4.2 Rate of Transport
  • 4.3 Passive Transport
  • Simple Diffusion: Passive Transport Through the Lipid Bilayer
  • Facilitated Diffusion: Passive Transport Utilizing Membrane Proteins
  • Diffusion Through Channels
  • 4.4 Active Transport
  • Primary Active Transport
  • Secondary Active Transport
  • Factors Affecting Rates of Active Transport
  • Coexistence of Active and Passive Transport Mechanisms in Cells
  • 4.5 Osmosis: Passive Transport of Water Across Membranes
  • Osmolarity
  • Osmotic Pressure
  • Tonicity
  • 4.6 Transport of Material Within Membrane-Bound Compartments
  • Transport of Molecules into Cells by Endocytosis
  • Transport of Molecules Out of Cells by Exocytosis
  • 4.7 Epithelial Transport: Movement of Molecules Across Two Membranes
  • Epithelial Solute Transport
  • Epithelial Structure
  • Epithelial Water Transport
  • Transcytosis
  • Chapter Summary
  • Exercises
  • 5 Chemical Messengers
  • 5.1 Mechanisms of Intercellular Communication.
  • Direct Communication Through Gap Junctions
  • Indirect Communication Through Chemical Messengers
  • 5.2 Chemical Messengers
  • Functional Classification of Chemical Messengers
  • Chemical Classification of Messengers
  • Synthesis and Release of Chemical Messengers
  • Transport of Messengers
  • 5.3 Signal Transduction Mechanisms
  • Properties of Receptors
  • Signal Transduction Mechanisms for Responses Mediated by Intracellular Receptors
  • Signal Transduction Mechanisms for Responses Mediated by Membrane-Bound Receptors
  • 5.4 Long-Distance Communication via the Nervous and Endocrine Systems
  • Chapter Summary
  • Exercises
  • 6 The Endocrine System:Endocrine Glandsand Hormone Actions
  • 6.1 Primary Endocrine Organs
  • Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
  • Pineal Gland
  • Thyroid Gland and Parathyroid Glands
  • Thymus
  • Adrenal Glands
  • Pancreas
  • Gonads
  • 6.2 Secondary Endocrine Organs
  • 6.3 Hormone Actions at the Target Cell
  • Control of Hormone Levels in Blood
  • 6.4 Abnormal Secretion of Hormones
  • 6.5 Hormone Interactions
  • Chapter Summary
  • Exercises
  • 7 Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling
  • 7.1 Overview of the Nervous System
  • 7.2 Cells of the Nervous System
  • Neurons
  • Glial Cells
  • 7.3 Establishment of the Resting Membrane Potential
  • Determining the Equilibrium Potentials for Potassium and Sodium Ions
  • Resting Membrane Potential of Neurons
  • Neurons at Rest
  • 7.4 Electrical Signaling Through Changes in Membrane Potential
  • Describing Changes in Membrane Potential
  • Graded Potentials
  • Action Potentials
  • Propagation of Action Potentials
  • 7.5 Maintaining Neural Stability
  • Chapter Summary
  • Exercises
  • 8 Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration
  • 8.1 Electrical Synapses
  • 8.2 Chemical Synapses
  • Functional Anatomy of Chemical Synapses
  • Signal Transduction Mechanisms at Chemical Synapses.
  • Excitatory Synapses
  • Inhibitory Synapses
  • 8.3 Neural Integration
  • Summation
  • Frequency Coding
  • 8.4 Presynaptic Modulation
  • Presynaptic Facilitation
  • Presynaptic Inhibition
  • 8.5 Neurotransmitters: Structure, Synthesis, and Degradation
  • Acetylcholine
  • Biogenic Amines
  • Purines
  • Amino Acid Neurotransmitters
  • Neuropeptides
  • Unique Neurotransmitters
  • Chapter Summary
  • Exercises
  • 9 The Nervous System:Central Nervous System
  • 9.1 General Anatomy of the Central Nervous System
  • Glial Cells
  • Physical Support of the Central Nervous System
  • Blood Supply to the Central Nervous System
  • The Blood-Brain Barrier
  • Gray Matter and White Matter
  • 9.2 The Spinal Cord
  • Spinal Nerves
  • Spinal Cord Gray and White Matter
  • 9.3 The Brain
  • Cerebral Cortex
  • Subcortical Nuclei
  • Diencephalon
  • Limbic System
  • 9.4 Integrated CNS Function: Involuntary Movement Through Reflexes
  • Stretch Reflex
  • Withdrawal and Crossed-Extensor Reflexes
  • 9.5 Integrated CNS Function: Voluntary Motor Control
  • Neural Components for Smooth Voluntary Movements
  • Lateral Pathways Control Voluntary Movement
  • Ventromedial Pathways Control Voluntary and Involuntary Movements
  • The Control of Posture by the Brainstem
  • The Role of the Cerebellum in Motor Coordination
  • The Basal Nuclei in Motor Control
  • 9.6 Integrated CNS Function: Language
  • 9.7 Integrated CNS Function: Sleep
  • Functions of Sleep
  • Sleep-Wake Cycles
  • Electrical Activity During Wakefulness and Sleep
  • 9.8 Integrated CNS Function: Emotions and Motivation
  • 9.9 Integrated CNS Function: Learning and Memory
  • Learning
  • Memory
  • Plasticity in the Nervous System
  • Chapter Summary
  • Exercises
  • 10 The Nervous System: Sensory Systems
  • 10.1 General Principles of Sensory Physiology
  • Receptor Physiology
  • Sensory Pathways
  • Sensory Coding.
  • 10.2 The Somatosensory System
  • Somatosensory Receptors
  • The Somatosensory Cortex
  • Somatosensory Pathways
  • Pain Perception
  • 10.3 Vision
  • Anatomy of the Eye
  • The Nature and Behavior of Light Waves
  • Accommodation
  • Clinical Defects in Vision
  • Regulating the Amount of Light Entering the Eye
  • The Retina
  • Phototransduction
  • Rods versus Cones
  • Color Vision
  • Light Input to Circadian Rhythms
  • Bleaching of Photoreceptors in Light
  • Neural Processing in the Retina
  • Neural Pathways for Vision
  • Parallel Processing in the Visual System
  • Depth Perception
  • 10.4 The Ear and Hearing
  • Anatomy of the Ear
  • The Nature of Sound Waves
  • Sound Amplification in the Middle Ear
  • Signal Transduction for Sound
  • Neural Pathways for Sound
  • 10.5 The Ear and Equilibrium
  • Anatomy of the Vestibular Apparatus
  • The Semicircular Canals and the Transduction of Rotation
  • The Utricle and Saccule and the Transduction of Linear Acceleration
  • Neural Pathways for Equilibrium
  • 10.6 Taste
  • Anatomy of Taste Buds
  • Signal Transduction in Taste
  • Neural Pathway for Taste
  • 10.7 Olfaction
  • Anatomy of the Olfactory System
  • Olfactory Signal Transduction
  • Neural Pathway for Olfaction
  • Chapter Summary
  • Exercises
  • 11 The Nervous System:Autonomic and MotorSystems
  • 11.1 The Autonomic Nervous System
  • Dual Innervation in the Autonomic Nervous System
  • Anatomy of the Autonomic Nervous System
  • Autonomic Neurotransmitters and Receptors
  • Autonomic Neuroeffector Junctions
  • Regulation of Autonomic Function
  • 11.2 The Somatic Nervous System
  • Anatomy of the Somatic Nervous System
  • The Neuromuscular Junction
  • Chapter Summary
  • Exercises
  • 12 Muscle Physiology
  • 12.1 Skeletal Muscle Structure
  • Structure at the Cellular Level
  • Structure at the Molecular Level
  • 12.2 The Mechanism of Force Generation in Muscle.
  • The Sliding-Filament Model.

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