Equity and Inclusion in Education
Governments and education policy makers are increasingly concerned with equity and inclusion in education due to several major global trends such as demographic shifts, migration and refugee crises, rising inequalities, and climate change. These developments have contributed to increasing diversity...
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| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Paris :
Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development
2023.
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| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009720372606719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Abbreviations and acronyms
- Executive summary
- Introduction
- Key findings
- Governing and designing education systems to promote equity and inclusion
- Resourcing education systems to foster equity and inclusion
- Building capacity to foster equity and inclusion
- Promoting equity and inclusion through school-level interventions
- Monitoring and evaluating equity and inclusion in education
- 1 An overview of diversity, equity and inclusion in education
- Introduction
- Contextual developments shaping diversity, equity and inclusion in school education
- Ageing population and urbanisation
- Increasing migration and refugee crises
- Rising inequalities
- Digitalisation
- Weakening trust and social cohesion
- Well-being and mental health
- COVID-19
- Climate change and environmental crises
- Developments in the area of equity and inclusion
- Conceptualising diversity, equity and inclusion in education
- Most jurisdictions across the OECD have a definition of equity and inclusion
- Equity
- Inclusion
- Why it is relevant to differentiate between equity and inclusion
- Why equity and inclusion in education matter
- Diversity
- Migration
- Ethnic groups, national minorities and Indigenous peoples
- Gender
- Gender identity and sexual orientation
- Special education needs
- Giftedness
- The role of socio-economic condition and geographical location
- OECD education systems focus on different dimensions of diversity, depending on their national context
- Intersectionality
- Holistic framework for diversity, equity and inclusion
- Issue 1: Governing diversity, equity and inclusion in education
- Issue 2: Resourcing diversity, equity and inclusion in education
- Issue 3: Developing capacity for managing diversity, equity and inclusion in education.
- Issue 4: Promoting school-level interventions to support diversity, equity and inclusion in education
- Issue 5: Monitoring and evaluating diversity, equity and inclusion in education
- References
- Annex 1.A. Methodologies and definitions
- Strength through Diversity Survey Methodology
- Notes
- 2 Governing and designing education systems to promote equity and inclusion
- Introduction
- Education goals and curricula for equity and inclusion
- Educational goals for equity and inclusion
- Curriculum for equity and inclusion
- An equity-centred approach to curriculum development
- Inclusion in curriculum development
- Principles of equity and inclusion in the curriculum
- Curricular autonomy and flexibility can help tailor the learning experience to the students' needs
- Curriculum adaptations can help meet individual learning needs
- Regulatory frameworks for equity and inclusion
- International treaties, declarations and statements
- National frameworks relating to equity and inclusion in education
- National constitutions
- Regulatory frameworks relating to equity and inclusion in education at the system level
- Legislative measures addressing specific dimensions of diversity
- Legislation promoting inclusive education generally
- Intersectionality of diversity in education
- Responsibilities for and administration of equity and inclusion in education
- Responsibilities for ensuring equity and inclusion in education are shared across different levels of government and different ministries
- Vertical co-ordination
- Horizontal co-ordination
- Stakeholder engagement is crucial for ensuring equity and inclusion in education
- Education provision can be designed to support the goals of equity and inclusion
- Diversity of educational offerings
- Study pathways in education
- Student selection in education.
- Impact of student selection on equity
- Vocational tracks in secondary education
- Specialisation of learning environments
- School choice and student selection policies
- Designing and managing school choice programmes to mitigate negative equity impacts
- Pointers for policy development
- Develop policy frameworks that promote equity and inclusion in education
- Designate clear responsibilities for equity and inclusion and promote stronger horizontal and vertical co-ordination
- Engage meaningfully all relevant stakeholders from the start and throughout the policy cycle
- Design equitable and inclusive curricula and offer curricular flexibility to enable all learners achieve their potential
- Coordinate diversified education offerings and create flexible study pathways
- Ensure that learning environments are engaging and responsive to the needs of a diverse student population
- Regulate carefully school choice to counter potential segregation
- References
- Notes
- 3 Resourcing education systems to foster equity and inclusion
- Introduction
- Why funding equitable and inclusive education is relevant
- An equitable distribution of material resources can influence student outcomes
- The importance of financing equitable and inclusive education systems
- Main allocation mechanisms: how regular funding can account for equity and inclusion goals
- Mix and match: the role of different funding mixes to foster equity
- One-size does not fit all: trade-offs between the use of main allocation mechanisms and targeted funding for fostering equity
- Multiple targeted programmes can generate overlap, increased bureaucracy and limited long-term sustainability for educational authorities and schools
- Targeting specific student groups while avoiding segregation and stigma.
- Monitoring the ways in which schools and municipalities respond to the structure of the financing system
- Funding formulas: a complex instrument
- Financing private education: impacts on equity
- Targeted distribution of resources: targeted programmes and resources to support students
- Additional resources for specific student groups or priorities
- An overview of financial transfers for targeted funding for equity and inclusion
- Funding for special education needs: a long-standing commitment
- Targeted resourcing: how it translates into practice
- Financial transfers
- Cash transfers, subsidies and scholarships
- In-kind service provision
- School meals
- Transportation
- Physical resources: investing in infrastructure and providing learning materials
- Infrastructural investments
- Educational materials and digital devices
- Matching human resources to schools: reflecting schools' needs in staff allocation policies
- Inequalities in teacher allocation can hamper equity in education
- Strategies to address inequalities in teacher allocation
- Allocation of teaching staff to support diverse students
- Pointers for policy development
- Leverage both main allocation mechanisms and targeted funding to foster equity and inclusion
- Employ different types of resources and parameters to allocate them, to provide resources for diverse student groups, and to support policy priorities related to equity and inclusion
- Strengthen the capacity of different administrative levels to support education and inclusion goals
- References
- Annex 3.A. Students accounted in funding formulas and evaluation of funding models
- Notes
- 4 Building capacity to foster equity and inclusion
- Introduction
- Preparing and supporting teachers to respond to increasing diversity and create equitable and inclusive learning environments.
- Competences and knowledge for equitable and inclusive teaching
- There is a need to better prepare and support teachers to respond to increasing diversity in the classroom
- Strengthening the incorporation of topics related to diversity and inclusion in initial teacher education
- Integrating diversity, equity and inclusion into initial teacher education curricula
- Incorporating equity and inclusion as part of the specified objectives and competences for initial teacher education
- Fostering equitable and inclusive teaching through continuous professional learning
- Formal continuous professional learning
- Supporting teachers' participation in continuous professional learning
- Collaborative approaches to support teachers in creating inclusive learning environments
- Designing and implementing teacher evaluation for equitable and inclusive teaching
- Using teacher evaluation to promote and support teachers' learning
- Ensuring teachers are fairly evaluated
- Building capacity among school leaders to promote equity and inclusion
- Recruiting and retaining teachers from diverse backgrounds
- Ensuring diversity of school staff is crucial in creating more equitable and inclusive learning environments in which all students can thrive
- Positive impacts for diverse students
- Benefits for the classroom environment and student population as a whole
- There is currently a lack of diversity in the teaching profession across OECD countries
- Attracting diverse candidates into ITE as a foundational step towards enhanced diversity in the teaching workforce
- Retaining diverse teachers to promote equity and inclusion in education
- Strategies to support diverse teachers: mentoring and communities of practice
- Fostering positive relationships among students
- Raising awareness of diversity in education among stakeholders.
- Information campaigns.
