Fundamentals of wireless sensor networks theory and practice
About the Series Editors xv Preface xvii Part One: INTRODUCTION 1 Motivation for a Network of Wireless Sensor Nodes 3 1.1 Definitions and Background 4 1.2 Challenges and Constraints 9 2 Applications 17 2.1 Structural Health Monitoring 17 2.2 Traffic Control 26 2.3 Health Care 30...
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Chichester, West Sussex, U.K. ; Hoboken, NJ :
Wiley
2010.
|
| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009707735606719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
- Contents
- About the Series Editors
- Preface
- Part One: INTRODUCTION
- 1 Motivation for a Network of Wireless Sensor Nodes
- 1.1 Definitions and Background
- 1.1.1 Sensing and Sensors
- 1.1.2 Wireless Sensor Networks
- 1.2 Challenges and Constraints
- 1.2.1 Energy
- 1.2.2 Self-Management
- 1.2.3 Wireless Networking
- 1.2.4 Decentralized Management
- 1.2.5 Design Constraints
- 1.2.6 Security
- 1.2.7 Other Challenges
- Exercises
- References
- 2 Applications
- 2.1 Structural Health Monitoring
- 2.1.1 Sensing Seismic Events
- 2.1.2 Single Damage Detection Using Natural Frequencies
- 2.1.3 Multiple Damage Detection Using Natural Frequencies
- 2.1.4 Multiple Damage Detection Using Mode Shapes
- 2.1.5 Coherence
- 2.1.6 Piezoelectric Effect
- 2.1.7 Prototypes
- 2.2 Traffic Control
- 2.2.1 The Sensing Task
- 2.2.2 Prototypes
- 2.3 Health Care
- 2.3.1 Available Sensors
- 2.3.2 Prototypes
- 2.4 Pipeline Monitoring
- 2.4.1 Prototype
- 2.5 Precision Agriculture
- 2.5.1 Prototypes
- 2.6 Active Volcano
- 2.6.1 Prototypes
- 2.7 Underground Mining
- 2.7.1 Sources of Accidents
- 2.7.2 The Sensing Task
- Exercises
- References
- 3 Node Architecture
- 3.1 The Sensing Subsystem
- 3.1.1 Analog-to-Digital Converter
- 3.2 The Processor Subsystem
- 3.2.1 Architectural Overview
- 3.2.2 Microcontroller
- 3.2.3 Digital Signal Processor
- 3.2.4 Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
- 3.2.5 Field Programmable Gate Array
- 3.2.6 Comparison
- 3.3 Communication Interfaces
- 3.3.1 Serial Peripheral Interface
- 3.3.2 Inter-Integrated Circuit
- 3.3.3 Summary
- 3.4 Prototypes
- 3.4.1 The IMote Node Architecture
- 3.4.2 The XYZ Node Architecture
- 3.4.3 The Hogthrob Node Architecture
- Exercises
- References
- 4 Operating Systems
- 4.1 Functional Aspects.
- 4.1.1 Data Types
- 4.1.2 Scheduling
- 4.1.3 Stacks
- 4.1.4 System Calls
- 4.1.5 Handling Interrupts
- 4.1.6 Multithreading
- 4.1.7 Thread-Based vs Event-Based Programming
- 4.1.8 Memory Allocation
- 4.2 Nonfunctional Aspects
- 4.2.1 Separation of Concern
- 4.2.2 System Overhead
- 4.2.3 Portability
- 4.2.4 Dynamic Reprogramming
- 4.3 Prototypes
- 4.3.1 TinyOS
- 4.3.2 SOS
- 4.3.3 Contiki
- 4.3.4 LiteOS
- 4.4 Evaluation
- Exercises
- References
- Part Two: BASIC ARCHITECTURAL FRAMEWORK
- 5 Physical Layer
- 5.1 Basic Components
- 5.2 Source Encoding
- 5.2.1 The Efficiency of a Source Encoder
- 5.2.2 Pulse Code Modulation and Delta Modulation
- 5.3 Channel Encoding
- 5.3.1 Types of Channels
- 5.3.2 Information Transmission over a Channel
- 5.3.3 Error Recognition and Correction
- 5.4 Modulation
- 5.4.1 Modulation Types
- 5.4.2 Quadratic Amplitude Modulation
- 5.4.3 Summary Signal Propagation
- 5.5 Signal Propagation
- Exercises
- References
- 6 Medium Access Control
- 6.1 Overview
- 6.1.1 Contention-Free Medium Access
- 6.1.2 Contention-Based Medium Access
- 6.2 Wireless MAC Protocols
- 6.2.1 Carrier Sense Multiple Access
- 6.2.2 Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (MACA) and MACAW
- 6.2.3 MACA By Invitation
- 6.2.4 IEEE 802.11
- 6.2.5 IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee
- 6.3 Characteristics of MAC Protocols in Sensor Networks
- 6.3.1 Energy Efficiency
- 6.3.2 Scalability
- 6.3.3 Adaptability
- 6.3.4 Low Latency and Predictability
- 6.3.5 Reliability
- 6.4 Contention-Free MAC Protocols
- 6.4.1 Characteristics
- 6.4.2 Traffic-Adaptive Medium Access
- 6.4.3 Y-MAC
- 6.4.4 DESYNC-TDMA
- 6.4.5 Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy
- 6.4.6 Lightweight Medium Access Control
- 6.5 Contention-Based MAC Protocols
- 6.5.1 Power Aware Multi-Access with Signaling
- 6.5.2 Sensor MAC
- 6.5.3 Timeout MAC.
- 6.5.4 Pattern MAC
- 6.5.5 Routing-Enhanced MAC
- 6.5.6 Data-Gathering MAC
- 6.5.7 Preamble Sampling and WiseMAC
- 6.5.8 Receiver-Initiated MAC
- 6.6 Hybrid MAC Protocols
- 6.6.1 Zebra MAC
- 6.6.2 Mobility Adaptive Hybrid MAC
- 6.7 Summary
- Exercises
- References
- 7 Network Layer
- 7.1 Overview
- 7.2 Routing Metrics
- 7.2.1 Commonly Used Metrics
- 7.3 Flooding and Gossiping
- 7.4 Data-Centric Routing
- 7.4.1 Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation
- 7.4.2 Directed Diffusion
- 7.4.3 Rumor Routing
- 7.4.4 Gradient-Based Routing
- 7.5 Proactive Routing
- 7.5.1 Destination-Sequenced Distance Vector
- 7.5.2 Optimized Link State Routing
- 7.6 On-Demand Routing
- 7.6.1 Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector
- 7.6.2 Dynamic Source Routing
- 7.7 Hierarchical Routing
- 7.8 Location-Based Routing
- 7.8.1 Unicast Location-Based Routing
- 7.8.2 Multicast Location-Based Routing
- 7.8.3 Geocasting
- 7.9 QoS-Based Routing Protocols
- 7.9.1 Sequential Assignment Routing
- 7.9.2 SPEED
- 7.9.3 Multipath Multi-SPEED
- 7.10 Summary
- Exercises
- References
- Part Three: NODE AND NETWORK MANAGEMENT
- 8 Power Management
- 8.1 Local Power Management Aspects
- 8.1.1 Processor Subsystem
- 8.1.2 Communication Subsystem
- 8.1.3 Bus Frequency and RAM Timing
- 8.1.4 Active Memory
- 8.1.5 Power Subsystem
- 8.2 Dynamic Power Management
- 8.2.1 Dynamic Operation Modes
- 8.2.2 Dynamic Scaling
- 8.2.3 Task Scheduling
- 8.3 Conceptual Architecture
- 8.3.1 Architectural Overview
- Exercises
- References
- 9 Time Synchronization
- 9.1 Clocks and the Synchronization Problem
- 9.2 Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks
- 9.2.1 Reasons for Time Synchronization
- 9.2.2 Challenges for Time Synchronization
- 9.3 Basics of Time Synchronization
- 9.3.1 Synchronization Messages.
- 9.3.2 Nondeterminism of Communication Latency
- 9.4 Time Synchronization Protocols
- 9.4.1 Reference Broadcasts Using Global Sources of Time
- 9.4.2 Lightweight Tree-Based Synchronization
- 9.4.3 Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks
- 9.4.4 Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol
- 9.4.5 Reference-Broadcast Synchronization
- 9.4.6 Time-Diffusion Synchronization Protocol
- 9.4.7 Mini-Sync and Tiny-Sync
- Exercises
- References
- 10 Localization
- 10.1 Overview
- 10.2 Ranging Techniques
- 10.2.1 Time of Arrival
- 10.2.2 Time Difference of Arrival
- 10.2.3 Angle of Arrival
- 10.2.4 Received Signal Strength
- 10.3 Range-Based Localization
- 10.3.1 Triangulation
- 10.3.2 Trilateration
- 10.3.3 Iterative and Collaborative Multilateration
- 10.3.4 GPS-Based Localization
- 10.4 Range-Free Localization
- 10.4.1 Ad Hoc Positioning System (APS)
- 10.4.2 Approximate Point in Triangulation
- 10.4.3 Localization Based on Multidimensional Scaling
- 10.5 Event-Driven Localization
- 10.5.1 The Lighthouse Approach
- 10.5.2 Multi-Sequence Positioning
- Exercises
- References
- 11 Security
- 11.1 Fundamentals of Network Security
- 11.2 Challenges of Security in Wireless Sensor Networks
- 11.3 Security Attacks in Sensor Networks
- 11.3.1 Denial-of-Service
- 11.3.2 Attacks on Routing
- 11.3.3 Attacks on Transport Layer
- 11.3.4 Attacks on Data Aggregation
- 11.3.5 Privacy Attacks
- 11.4 Protocols and Mechanisms for Security
- 11.4.1 Symmetric and Public Key Cryptography
- 11.4.2 Key Management
- 11.4.3 Defenses Against DoS Attacks
- 11.4.4 Defenses Against Aggregation Attacks
- 11.4.5 Defenses Against Routing Attacks
- 11.4.6 Security Protocols for Sensor Networks
- 11.4.7 TinySec
- 11.4.8 Localized Encryption and Authentication Protocol
- 11.5 IEEE 802.15.4 and ZigBee Security
- 11.6 Summary
- Exercises
- References.
- 12 Sensor Network Programming
- 12.1 Challenges in Sensor Network Programming
- 12.2 Node-Centric Programming
- 12.2.1 nesC Language
- 12.2.2 TinyGALS
- 12.2.3 Sensor Network Application Construction Kit
- 12.2.4 Thread-Based Model
- 12.3 Macroprogramming
- 12.3.1 Abstract Regions
- 12.3.2 EnviroTrack
- 12.3.3 Database Approaches
- 12.4 Dynamic Reprogramming
- 12.5 Sensor Network Simulators
- 12.5.1 Network Simulator Tools and Environments
- Exercises
- References
- Index.
