Rural Policy Review of Colombia 2022.
Rural regions in Colombia have untapped potential to boost wealth and well-being in the country. Despite remarkable economic growth over the last two decades, Colombia's development policy needs to increase its focus on rurality, as regional inequalities remain high by OECD standards and struct...
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| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
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Paris :
Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development
2022.
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| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009707510406719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations and acronyms
- Executive summary
- Assessment
- Key recommendations of the Rural Policy Review of Colombia
- 1 Assessment and recommendations
- Assessment
- Despite its urbanisation trend, Colombia still has a high population share in rural regions compared to OECD countries
- Colombia's development process needs greater focus on reducing urban-rural regional inequalities
- Over the last two decades, Colombia has experienced remarkable economic growth
- But the country still records the highest regional GDP per capita inequality in the OECD
- While Colombia's rural economy is transitioning towards services activities, agriculture still employs the bulk of the rural workforce but has low productivity levels
- Rural economies need to accelerate their diversification to increase income opportunities
- Rural regions have untapped development opportunities but historic structural challenges prevent unlocking their potential
- Addressing the structural challenges in rural regions and mobilising their potential requires a comprehensive policy approach to rural development
- Colombia needs to further clarify its rural policy
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has led rural policy with an agricultural bias
- The current lack of a common rural information system hampers the effectiveness of government programmes
- Colombia already has policies and institutional mechanisms to adopt the inter-sectoral approach to rural development
- The national policy framework needs greater prioritisation on the structural rural challenges to attain a sustained increase in rural well-being
- Strengthening infrastructure projects for tertiary roads and multimodal transport to alleviate the historic lack of connectivity in rural communities.
- Broadband connectivity in rural areas needs to improve in coverage and quality to provide equal development opportunities
- Building on recent efforts to improve rural access to quality education and healthcare
- Further efforts are needed on land restitution and formalisation as well as on clarity on the autonomy of ethnic groups to improve social cohesion in rural communities
- Enhancing environment conservation and its income-generating potential requires stronger involvement of local communities in land use management
- Rural policy implementation requires better co-ordination among levels of government and further involvement of local actors to attain long-lasting outcomes
- An inter-ministerial structure can co-ordinate the design and implementation of rural development policies at the national and local levels
- Municipal governments need to become better partners for rural policy implementation
- The government has scope to make civil society a stronger partner in rural policy implementation
- Recommendations
- Developing a comprehensive national rural policy that focuses on raising people's well-being
- Prioritising key enabling factors for rural development to ensure lasting policy outcomes and mobilise the rural potential
- Improving the design and implementation of rural policy, supported by an inter-ministerial co-ordination body for rural policy
- References
- Notes
- 2 Strengths and challenges in the rural development of Colombia
- Introduction
- A territorial classification to better grasp the rural potential in Colombia
- Colombia's official definition: A modern proposal not yet fully adopted
- The Colombian sub-regionalisation under functional criteria: A crucial step to identify territorial functionality
- The OECD regional typology
- Setting the scene: The Colombian context.
- Colombia has steadily strengthened its economy over the last two decades
- Yet, regional inequality remains high, with room for improvement
- The population in Colombia has concentrated at a faster pace than its economy
- The post-COVID19 period has been used as an opportunity to bridge the territorial divide
- In a nutshell: Assets and challenges of rural regions in Colombia
- Economic patterns shaping Colombian rural regions
- Colombia and its rural regions are diversifying the economic structure
- Economic diversity enhances the resilience of regions
- Rural economies face high labour informality and low education attainment
- Unemployment in rural areas is lower than in urban, despite labour informality
- Demographic patterns in Colombian rural regions
- Colombia's population continues to grow regardless of region, with particular strength in several rural areas
- The Colombian population is young, particularly in rural areas
- Yet, the share of young people in rural places depicts a decreasing trend
- Women's inclusion leads to improved social cohesion and economic prosperity
- Well-being enablers
- Snapshot of quality of life in Colombia
- Civil infrastructure has proved crucial for Colombia and still has significant room for improvement
- Road infrastructure
- Rural communities significantly lag in broadband connectivity and speeds
- Education in rural regions is progressing well in Colombia, though efforts must continue
- Environment: Biodiversity as an opportunity and deforestation as a threat
- Security and land access
- References
- Notes
- Annex 2.A. Sectorial specialisation in Colombian regions
- 3 Towards a comprehensive rural policy in Colombia
- Introduction
- The evolution of the rural policy vision over the past years in Colombia.
- Colombia's peace process placed the need for an integrated rural policy at the centre of the agenda
- The National Development Plan (PND) 2018-2022 adopts a sectoral approach to rural development, with differentiated policies by type of region
- A fragmented rural policy highly focused on agriculture
- National plans overlap "agricultural development" and "rural development" concepts
- MADR heads the rural policy in Colombia with a strong agricultural focus
- The 2018-200 MADR flagship programmes targeted and addressed the relevant structural issues of Colombian farmers
- Despite the right design of MADR programmes, they mostly target agricultural productivity, with less attention to other relevant areas of rural development
- The current lack of a common information system hampers the effectiveness of rural-related programmes
- There is room to better co-ordinate non-agricultural policies for rural development in Colombia
- Mobilising the growth potential of Colombian rural economies
- Agriculture as an engine for non-agricultural activities
- Agriculture and forestry
- Livestock
- The ongoing quest for greater agricultural productivity
- Accelerating agricultural innovation with a broader approach
- Unlocking rural innovation will benefit agriculture sector and the rural economy at large.
- Increasing the income of farmers with off-farms activities
- Better linking agriculture and tourism
- Enhancing bioenergy strategies to promote circular process in agriculture
- Tourism to help preserve the environment, empower minorities and boost traditional economic activities
- Cultural tourism can revitalise rural traditions
- Sustainable tourism can promote growth while conserving natural ecosystems in rural areas
- Mobilising renewable energy sources to create new job opportunities.
- Making the most of mining to attain climate goals and improve rural well-being
- An incremental strategy to develop a comprehensive national rural policy in Colombia
- The IRR, the basis for a national rural policy in Colombia
- Lessons from the OECD Rural Well-being Framework for Colombia
- Using the OECD Principles for Rural Policy for Colombia to set the comprehensive rural policy
- This is not the end…
- References
- Notes
- 4 Improving connectivity and service delivery in Colombian rural areas
- Introduction
- Improving transport and broadband infrastructure in Colombian rural regions
- Keep closing rural accessibility gaps with transport infrastructure
- Government policies aiming to improve transport infrastructure
- There is scope to improve road quality and tertiary roads to connect rural areas
- Keeping up the investments ratio in infrastructure
- Greater focus on road quality, especially for regional and municipal roads
- A pressing need to improve information on road transport
- Boosting local capacity and involvement of local communities to improve transport infrastructure
- Accelerating intermodality to increase mobility options for rural communities
- Improving rural mobility with innovative transport options
- Unleashing the potential of connectivity to close digital divides in rural areas
- The state of connectivity in rural areas in Colombia
- Amplifying the impact of measures taken and existing networks to provide rural areas with connectivity
- Community networks and local ISPs as additional drivers of rural connectivity
- Community networks
- Small ISPs
- Getting local governments involved in boosting rural digital transformation
- Leveraging mobile broadband services and fixed wireless access to narrow the rural-urban connectivity divide
- Boosting rural connectivity through innovative regulation.
- Ensuring that taxation and sectoral fees do not hamper the adoption of communication services in rural areas.
