World Energy Investment 2016
In this inaugural annual report on energy investments around the world, the International Energy Agency (IEA) looks at the lifeblood of the global energy system: investment. The ability to attract and direct capital flows is vital to transitioning to a low-carbon economy while also maintaining energ...
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| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Paris :
International Energy Agency
2016.
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| Edición: | 2016th ed |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009706728106719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- World Energy Investment 2016
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Table of contents
- Executive summary
- Introduction
- A new annual report on global energy investment
- Defining and measuring energy investment
- 1. Energy investment trends
- Highlights
- Global energy investment trends
- A slump in capital spending on energy, mainly due to lower costs
- Changes in relative costs will reshape markets and investment
- Energy market, macroeconomic and financing trends
- A mixed year for the world economy
- Unorthodox monetary policy continues to affect investment
- Sources of energy finance are becoming increasingly diverse
- References
- 2. Investment in end use and efficiency
- Highlights
- Overview
- Investment in energy-using assets
- Investment in industrial capacity is on the wane
- A huge wave of construction begins to break
- Household energy demand in OECD countries has peaked
- Investment in energy efficiency
- Spending on efficiency continues to grow
- Energy performance standards are driving efficiency investment
- Energy efficiency investment closely linked to consumer spending
- New sources of energy efficiency financing are emerging
- Focus on transport
- Low oil prices are encouraging people to drive more...
- ... and buy thirstier cars
- New measures are needed to accelerate fuel economy gains
- Are electric cars coming of age?
- New airplanes are more fuel-efficient than ever before
- Energy service price index
- The cost of lighting declines despite higher power prices
- Fuel prices matter more than efficiency to water heating costs
- Driving costs fall with lower fuel prices and more efficient cars
- References
- 3. Investment in oil, gas and coal
- Highlights
- Overview
- Upstream oil and gas
- Upstream operators slash spending as prices plunge
- Exploration investment is hit hardest.
- Oil and gas companies slash spending across the board
- The extent of spending cutbacks varies widely across regions
- North America leads cuts in upstream spending
- Middle East investment holds up for now
- A weaker ruble and lower taxes helps maintain Russian spending
- Sub-Saharan African producers scale back their deepwater plans
- Upstream oil and gas costs down 30% since 2014
- US shale costs plummet
- Lower costs are the biggest contributors to lower investment
- Investments in oil midstream infrastructure
- Oil transport and storage investment prove to be sticky
- North America sees a boom in oil infrastructure building
- Oil storage attracts financing globally
- Demand growth drives investment in the emerging economies
- Investment in oil refining
- Asia dominates refining investment
- Financing in the oil and gas sector
- Upstream
- Majors and Independents
- National oil companies
- Financing midstream and refinery projects
- LNG chains
- Spending on liquefaction falls back as projects reach completion
- Regasification capacity rises steadily
- Coal
- References
- 4. Investment in electricity and renewables
- Highlights
- Overview
- Low-carbon sources and networks dominate investment
- Asia absorbs more and more investment
- Regulation plays a bigger role in managing market risk
- Divergent financing trends shape power companies' capacity to invest
- The ownership of power generation assets is changing
- Regional policy and market trends impact power companies' ability to mobilise finance
- A broadening pool of options for financing renewables
- Renewables-based power generation
- Lower costs drive investment
- A diverse regional investment picture for renewables
- Renewables asset financing dips in 2016
- Fossil fuel power generation
- The economics of fossil-based generation diverge regionally.
- Fossil fuel power investment trends in key regions and countries
- Has China overinvested in coal-fired power generation?
- Coal power dominates in Asia, but gas investment strong in MENA
- A more challenging climate for fossil fuel generators in OECD countries
- Nuclear power
- Electricity networks
- Replacing old distribution lines takes a rising share of grid spending
- Network investment trends in key regions and countries
- Smart grids, electricity storage and electric vehicle charging infrastructure
- References
- 5. Implications of current investment trends
- Highlights
- Energy commodity markets
- Energy security and access
- The transition to low-carbon electricity
- Meeting energy security, sustainable development and climate goals
- References
- Lists of figures and tables
- Abbreviations and acronyms
- Units of measurement.
