OECD economic surveys Estonia. 2012. Estonia. 2012.
OECD's 2012 Economic Survey of Estonia examines recent economic developments, policy, and prospects. In addition it includes special chapters covering macroeconomic volatility and skills and poverty.
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| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
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Paris :
OECD
2012.
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| Colección: | OECD economic surveys
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| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009706288106719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Table of contents; Basic statistics of Estonia; Executive summary; Key policy recommendations; Assessment and recommendations; Figure 1. The Estonian economy is volatile; Figure 2. Life satisfaction is very low; While the crisis was externally triggered, domestic factors played an important role; Figure 3. The size of Estonia does not explain high volatility; The economic recovery is strong and more balanced; Figure 4. The rapid recovery is uneven; Table 1. Demand, output and prices; Reducing imbalances by changes in fiscal policy design and financial market regulation
- Making fiscal policy less procyclicalFigure 5. Fiscal policy should have been less procyclical; Mitigating credit cycles through macroprudential policies and cross-border supervision; Figure 6. Credit growth has been excessive; Figure 7. Macroprudential policy tools are gaining importance; Improving resilience by further labour market, education and innovation policy reforms; Box 1. Recommendations on reducing excessive macroeconomic volatility; Improving labour market resilience by strengthening activation programmes; Figure 8. Some groups are at a very high risk of unemployment
- Figure 9. Active labour market policies need to be reinforcedReducing skill mismatches and improving job-to-job transition through lifelong learning; Figure 10. Reducing skill mismatches requires expanding lifelong learning; Improving school-to-job transition; Figure 11. Improving school-to-job transition is priority; Improving access to tertiary education and reforming its funding; Improving the enterprise support framework to further develop the export base; Figure 12. Estonian firms export low and medium technological goods to a small number of partners
- Figure 13. Private sector expenditure in R&D remains lowDecoupling economic growth from energy consumption and emissions; Figure 14. Energy and emission intensities are high; Box 2. Recommendations on improving resilience; Reducing poverty through activation and better targeted support; Figure 15. Economic crisis had a strong negative impact on the poor; Figure 16. Transfers (other than pensions) are small and untargeted with limited impact on inequality; Reforming the disability support system
- Figure 17. The number of permanent incapacity to work benefit recipients increased rapidly in the crisisFigure 18. The disability system provides few integration measures; Strengthening short-term targeted income support programmes that involve activation; Box 3. Short-term income support in Estonia; Figure 19. The size of unemployment assistance benefit should be increased; Figure 20. Family benefits are high relative to the spending on childcare services; Improving access to public services, especially for health care; Figure 21. Health outcomes are weak
- Reducing the labour tax wedge for low wage earners
