Brazil 2015

Special features: Strengthening the industrial sector; Improving health policies.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Corporativo:	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, contributor (contributor)
Formato:	Libro electrónico
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	Paris : OECD Publishing [2015]
Colección:	OECD Economic surveys (Series)
Materias:	Economic history. Brazil > Economic conditions. Brazil > Economic policy.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:	https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009706126006719

Tabla de Contenidos:

Intro
Table of contents
Basic Statistics of Brazil, 2014
Executive summary
Bolstering confidence through prudent macro policies
Rising expenditures have led to a primary fiscal deficit
The industrial sector could play a key role for boosting productivity
Labour productivity growth has been slow
Improving public healthcare is crucial for reducing inequalities and enhancing wellbeing
Life expectancy at birth
Main findings and key recommendations
Assessment and recommendations
Figure 1. Stronger growth will require raising productivity
Figure 2. Better life index
Macro-economic policies to bolster confidence
Table 1. Brazil: Macroeconomic indicators
Figure 3. Labour market indicators
Table 2. Basic economic indicators
Consolidating public finances
Figure 4. Fiscal balances have deteriorated
Figure 5. Possible debt trajectories
Figure 6. Population ageing will add to spending pressures
Ensuring a return to the inflation target
Figure 7. Inflation and exchange rates
Figure 8. Monetary policy
Reducing medium-term vulnerabilities
Figure 9. Financial system indicators
Box 1. Medium-term uncertainties about the Brazilian economy's prospects
Figure 10. Corporate leverage is high
Figure 11. External imbalances have widened
Box 2. Main policy recommendations for macroeconomic policies
Sustaining future growth
Boosting industrial performance
Figure 12. Value added share of industry
Figure 13. Industrial performance and integration into global trade
Figure 14. Hours required to prepare taxes
Figure 15. Regulatory barriers to entrepreneurship are high
Figure 16. Applied tariff rates in international comparison
Box 3. Key policy recommendations for improving the business climate and boosting industrial performance.
Improving the carbon footprint of the economy
Figure 17. Greenhouse gas emissions by sector of origin
Figure 18. Fuel excise taxes are low in international comparison
Box 4. Main policy recommendations for improving the use of environmental resources
Making growth more inclusive and improving well-being
Figure 19. Poverty and income inequality in international comparison and over time
Education is the key to a better income distribution in the long run
Figure 20. PISA scores on reading and mathematics
Improving public healthcare services
Figure 21. Selected health indicators
Figure 22. Per capita expenditures on health
Figure 23. Non-communicable diseases are a significant challenge
Figure 24. Perceived main problem of the public healthcare system
Figure 25. Practising medical staff per population and geographic imbalances
Box 5. Main policy recommendations for health policies
Bibliography
Annex. Progress in main structural reforms
Thematic chapters
Chapter 1. Raising industrial performance
Brazil has traditionally had a large industrial sector
Figure 1.1. Brazil's industry is increasingly diversified
Box 1.1. Brazil's industrial sector in historical perspective
Figure 1.2. Brazil's industrial sector is small for a middle income country
Industry performance has been weak recently
Figure 1.3. Industry growth is lagging behind other countries and sectors
Figure 1.4. Manufacturing productivity is low and stagnant
Why industrial development can be a policy concern
Policies to improve the performance of the industrial sector
Reducing high costs
Figure 1.5. Investment is low in international comparison
Figure 1.6. Hours required to prepare taxes
Figure 1.7. Brazil's infrastructure relative to its major trading partners.
Figure 1.8. Manufacturing competitiveness has declined
Figure 1.9. The share of students enrolled in professional and technical degrees is low
Figure 1.10. The court system is slow to resolve commercial disputes
Strengthening competition and improving the incentives for stronger productivity growth
Figure 1.11. Many industries are highly concentrated
Figure 1.12. Allocative efficiency in manufacturing is low and has declined
Figure 1.13. The link between productivity and employment growth based within manufacturing sectors
Figure 1.14. Distribution of management quality in Brazil vs. the United States1
Figure 1.15. Applied tariff rates in international comparison
Figure 1.16. International trade and integration into global value chains are low
Box 1.2. A tale of two industries - automobiles and aerospace
Figure 1.17. Change in Brazil's export market share
Figure 1.18. Estimated effects of tariff reductions on exports
Figure 1.19. Cost of exporting and importing a container (twenty-foot equivalent unit)
Figure 1.20. Ease of starting a business
Figure 1.21. Patents and trademarks
Figure 1.22. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D
Figure 1.23. R&D tax credits favour profit-making companies
Co-ordination policies and sector-specific policies to support industrial performance
Box 1.3. Summary of policy recommendations for raising industrial performance
Bibliography
Chapter 2. Improving public health services
Improvements in health outcomes have been impressive but new challenges are emerging
Brazil's population health has markedly improved over recent decades
Figure 2.1. Selected health indicators
Table 2.1. Brazil's progress towards health-related Millenium Goals set by the United Nations
New health challenges are arising.
Figure 2.2. Non-communicable diseases are becoming more significant
Brazil's health system has been instrumental in improving outcomes but cost pressures are emerging
The unified health system has been the backbone of success
The financing of healthcare has become a mix of public and private funds
Figure 2.3. Overall financing flows of health system in Brazil
Total health expenditure is high as a share of GDP and set to increase further
Figure 2.4. Health expenditure
Figure 2.5. Potential gains in health-adjusted life expectancy
Box 2.1. Measuring the efficiency of the health system
Figure 2.6. Graphical illustration of potential efficiency gains
Improving access to public healthcare
Enhancing access to primary care has been a great success in Brazil
Figure 2.7. Expenditure on primary care in real value and relative terms, 2002-10
Table 2.2. Selected elements of the benefits package covered by SUS and primary care services
Further improvements in access are needed
Figure 2.8. Perceived main problem of the public healthcare system
Bridging the gap in human resources for health
Figure 2.9. Practising medical staff per population and geographic imbalances
Enhancing access to medicine
Figure 2.10. Number of "Farmácia Popular" facilities in public and private sectors, thousands, 2004-13
Improving the governance of the public health system
Better co-ordinating a highly decentralised system
Improving performance monitoring through data and quality indicators
Better tools to give the right incentives to provide higher quality care
Figure 2.11. Perceived quality of public healthcare service in Brazil
Making the public health system more cost-efficient
Reducing hospital costs
Promoting cost effective and rational use of drugs.
Figure 2.12. Federal expenditure on drugs to comply with judicial decisions, 2005-11
Anticipating population ageing
Box 2.2. Main policy recommendations for improving public health services
Bibliography
Annex A2.1. Benefits package covered by SUS and primary care services.

Brazil 2015

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