African economic outlook 2016 : sustainable cities and structural transformation

African economic outlook 2016 sustainable cities and structural transformation

This report presents the continent's current state of affairs and forecasts its situation for the coming two years. It examines Africa's performance in crucial areas: macroeconomics, financing, trade policies and regional integration, human development, and governance.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: African Development Bank (author)
Autores Corporativos: African Development Bank, author (author), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, author, United Nations Development Programme, author
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Paris : OECD Publishing 2016.
Edición:2016th ed
Materias:
Africa > Economic conditions.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009705880206719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Foreword
  • Editorial
  • Acknowledgements
  • Executive summary
  • Table of contents
  • PART I: Africa's perfomance and prospects
  • Chapter 1: Africa's macroeconomic prospects
  • In brief
  • Africa's growth slowed but is expected to strengthen again
  • Domestic demand and improved supply conditions support growth against global headwinds
  • Growth remains highest in East Africa
  • International commodity prices have declined further
  • Monetary policy stances diverge as countries face different inflationary and currency pressures
  • Fiscal positions and current accounts have deteriorated in many countries
  • Will Africa reap a demographic growth dividend from its young population?
  • Annex 1.A1. Africa's potential demographic dividend
  • Notes
  • References
  • Chapter 2: External financial flows and tax revenues for Africa
  • In brief
  • Africa depends heavily on foreign private and public capital
  • Africa faces volatile FDI inflows
  • Portfolio equity flows are down, but new bonds remain are resilient
  • Bank credit flows slow as repayments grow
  • Remittances are a major, stable resource for African development
  • Official development assistance remains stable but falls short of official pledges
  • Domestic revenues fall as resource revenues tumble
  • Sustainable benefit is needed from financial flows and public revenues
  • Note
  • References
  • Chapter 3: Trade policies and regional integration in Africa
  • In brief
  • Africa looks to turn strong growth into economic transformation
  • Regional integration is an aid to income convergence
  • Integrated financial markets open a path to accelerated income convergence
  • Intra-African investment is rising, driven by increased regional integration
  • Increased trade finance can help integration and job creation
  • References
  • Chapter 4: Human development in Africa
  • In brief.
  • Human development in Africa has made strong gains, but remains uneven
  • Sustainable cities and structural transformation are a priority for human development in Africa
  • Sustainable urbanisation must address inequality and exclusion
  • Notes
  • References
  • Chapter 5: Political and economic governance in Africa
  • In brief
  • Key governance challenges in Africa are a growing demand for public services, the threats of terrorism and internal conflicts
  • Several African countries are innovating to meet the growing demand for public services
  • Improvements in the business environment require time and must complement structural reforms to bear fruit
  • Fighting terrorism requires better regional co-ordination and information sharing
  • Several African countries have seen their electoral processes become fairer
  • Note
  • References
  • PART II: Sustainable Cities and Structural Transformation
  • Chapter 6: The implications of Africa's urbanisation for structural transformation
  • In brief
  • The links between urbanisation and structural transformation in Africa are complex and varied
  • Urbanisation represents challenges for development and the environment
  • Policies should focus on productive jobs and public goods for the growing urban population
  • Now is the time to prepare for Africa's urban transition
  • Annex 6.A1. Methodology for the cluster analysis on urbanisation and structural transformation in African countries
  • Notes
  • References
  • Chapter 7: How sustainable cities can contribute to Africa's development
  • In brief
  • Urbanisation improves the conditions for Africa's economic development
  • Urbanisation can help accelerate social development
  • Africa's urbanisation can contribute to environmental development
  • Annex 7.A1. Methodology for mapping financial flows to African cities
  • Notes
  • References.
  • Chapter 8: National urban strategies for sustainable cities in Africa
  • In brief
  • New strategies can promote sustainable cities for Africa's structural transformation
  • Priorities include land reform, infrastructure and urban networks
  • Multi-level governance can promote urban development strategies
  • African governments can use various sources to finance national urban strategies
  • Note
  • References
  • PART III :Country notes
  • Algeria
  • Angola
  • Benin
  • Botswana
  • Burkina Faso
  • Burundi
  • Cabo Verde
  • Cameroon
  • Central African Republic
  • Chad
  • Comoros
  • Congo
  • Congo, Dem. Rep.
  • Côte d'Ivoire
  • Djibouti
  • Egypt
  • Equatorial Guinea
  • Eritrea
  • Ethiopia
  • Gabon
  • Gambia
  • Ghana
  • Guinea
  • Guinea-Bissau
  • Kenya
  • Lesotho
  • Liberia
  • Libya
  • Madagascar
  • Malawi
  • Mali
  • Mauritania
  • Mauritius
  • Morocco
  • Mozambique
  • Namibia
  • Niger
  • Nigeria
  • Rwanda
  • Sao Tome and Principe
  • Senegal
  • Seychelles
  • Sierra Leone
  • Somalia
  • South Africa
  • South Sudan
  • Sudan
  • Swaziland
  • Tanzania
  • Togo
  • Tunisia
  • Uganda
  • Zambia
  • Zimbabwe
  • Statistical annex
  • Figures
  • Figure 1.1. Africa's economic growth, 2003-17
  • Figure 1.2. Assessment of Africa's economic situation and six-month expectations, 2000 Q1 -2016 Q1
  • Figure 1.3. Contribution to global growth, 1991-2015, by areas (%)
  • Figure 1.4. Impact of China's transition to lower and more balanced growth on growth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)
  • Figure 1.5. Oil prices and terms of trade of Africa's main oil exporters, 2001-17
  • Figure 1.6. Number of available hotel rooms in Africa, 2011-15
  • Figure 1.7. Commodity prices, January 1999-January 2016
  • Figure 1.8. Export prices of agricultural products, January 1999-January 2016
  • Figure 1.9. Import prices of basic foodstuffs, January 1999-January 2016.
  • Figure 1.10. Consumer price inflation in Africa, 2003-17
  • Figure 1.11. Current account balance in Africa's oil-exporting and oil-importing countries, 2003-17
  • Figure 1.12. Changes in current account and government budget balances in African countries between 2014 and 2015, in percentage points of GDP
  • Figure 1.13. Africa's potential demographic dividend
  • Figure 1.A1.1. Potential demographic dividend in Africa by region
  • Figure 1.A1.2. Development and prospects of total fertility (children per woman) in Africa
  • Figure 1.A1.3. Total fertility rate (TFR) per woman and under
  • Figure 2.1. External financial flows to Africa, average 2004-08, 2009-16 current USD billion and % of GDP
  • Figure 2.2. Inward FDI by regions 2004-16, USD billion
  • Figure 2.3. Foreign direct investment to Africa: Resource-rich vs. non-resource-rich countries, 2000-16
  • Figure 2.4. Total FDI inflows into Africa from emerging economies, 2003-15, USD billion
  • Figure 2.5. Africa's inward and outward portfolio flows, 2004-16, USD billion
  • Figure 2.6. Change in debt service cost, sub-Saharan Africa, 2015
  • Figure 2.7. Net commercial bank credit flows to Africa, USD billion, 2004-17
  • Figure 2.8. Multilateral and bilateral official bank credit flows to Africa, 2004-17, USD billion
  • Figure 2.9. Africa's short-term debt, % of total external debt, 2004-14
  • Figure 2.10. Remittances per African subregion, 2004-15
  • Figure 2.11. Net official development assistance disbursements to Africa, 1997-2016
  • Figure 2.12. Net official development assistance disbursements to African countries by income group, 2004-16
  • Figure 2.13. Net official development assistance disbursements to African countries by region, 2004-16
  • Figure 2.14. China's external assistance expenditures, USD billion
  • Figure 2.15. The revenue mix in resource-rich vs. non-resource-rich in Africa.
  • Figure 3.1. Africa's total trade flows, trade with selected partners and intra-African trade (USD billion), 2000-14
  • Figure 3.2. Distribution of Africa's trade: Traditional versus emerging partners, 2000-14
  • Figure 3.3. Intra-African trade by regional economic communities (USD million)
  • Figure 3.4. Gross domestic product per capita of selected African countries relative to the regional leading economy (USD), 2011
  • Figure 3.5. Economic diversification in selected African regional economic communities
  • Figure 3.6. Financial integration in different regional economic communities, 1970-2011
  • Figure 3.7. Financial account openness in Africa's regional economic communities, 1970-2013
  • Figure 4.1. Average annual change in human development, 1990-2014
  • Figure 4.2. Human development dimensions
  • Figure 4.3. Change in human development in Africa by category, 1990-2014
  • Figure 4.4. Share of Africa's population by level of human development, 2015 and 2030
  • Figure 4.5. Human development index and components by region of Africa
  • Figure 4.6. Overall loss in human development from inequality by region
  • Figure 4.7. Inequality in the dimensions of human development by group in Africa
  • Figure 4.8. Gender inequality index and components by group in Africa
  • Figure 4.9. Gender gaps in social institutions by human development group in Africa
  • Figure 5.1. Top priorities for African citizens
  • Figure 5.2. Index of public protests in Africa, 1996-2015
  • Figure 5.3. Top drivers of public protests in Africa, 2013-15
  • Figure 5.4. Political hardening and civil violence, 1996-2015
  • Figure 5.5. Violence by non-state actors in Africa, by type, 2013-15
  • Figure 5.6. Government expense per capita vs. government expense as % of GDP, 2014
  • Figure 5.7. Public sector management vs. tax-GDP ratio.
  • Figure 5.8. Hiring based on merit and qualifications vs. efficiency in public revenue spending.

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