Formulation of Radiation Curable Coatings, Inks and Adhesives
This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) provides information on the sources, use patterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in the radiation curable products industry, specifically during formulation of radiation curable coatings, inks, and adhesives. The document focuses primaril...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Autores Corporativos: | , |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Paris :
OECD Publishing
2014.
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| Colección: | Series on Emission Scenario Documents,
no.21. |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009705850306719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Explanatory Notes 7 -Purpose and background 7 -How to use this document 7 -Coverage and methodology 8 -How this document was developed 11 1. Industry Summary and Background 18 -1.1 Introduction to Radiation Curing Products 18 2. Process Description 25 -2.1 Formulation 25 -2.2 Application 29 -2.3 Radiation Curable Formulations 29 -2.4 Physical Properties of Radiation Curable Chemicals 31 3 Overall Approach and General Facility Estimates for the Formulation of Radiation Curable Products 34 -3.1 Introduction to the General Facility Estimates 34 -3.2 Annual Facility Radiation Curable Formulation Production Rate (Qform_site_yr) 35 -3.3 Mass Fraction of the Chemical of Interest in the Radiation Curable Component (Fchem_comp) 39 -3.4 Mass Fraction of the Component in the Radiation Curable Product (Fcomp_form) 40 -3.5 Mass Fraction of the Chemical of Interest in the Radiation Curable Product (Fchem_form) 40 -3.6 Number of Formulation Sites (Nform_sites) 41 -3.7 Days of Operation (TIMEform_working_days) 41 -3.8 Annual Number of Batches (Nbt_site_yr) 42 -3.9 Daily Use Rate of the Chemical of Interest (Qform_chem_site_day) 43 -3.10 Annual Number of Radiation Curable Component Containers Emptied per Facility (Ncomp_cont_empty_site_yr) 44 -3.11 Annual Number of Radiation Curable Product Containers Filled per Facility (Nform_cont_fill_site_yr) 44 4. Environmental Release Assessments for the Formulation of Radiation Curable Products 46 -4.1 Control Technologies 48 -4.2 Transfer Operation Losses to Air from Unloading the Radiation Curable Component (Release 1) 48 -4.3 Dust Generation from Transfer Operations Released to Air, or Collected and Released to Water, Incineration, or Landfill (Release 2) 49 -4.4 Radiation Curable Component Container Residue Released to Water, Incineration, or Landfill (Release 3) 51 -4.5 Open Surface Losses to Air During Container Cleaning (Release 4) 54 -4.6 Vented Losses to Air During Process Operations (Release 5) 55 -4.7 Radiation Curable Product Sampling Wastes Disposed to Water, Incineration, or Landfill (Release 6) 57 -4.8 Open Surface Losses to Air During Product Sampling (Release 7) 57 -4.9 Equipment Cleaning Releases to Incineration or Landfill (Release 8) 58 -4.10 Open Surface Losses to Air During Equipment Cleaning (Release 9) 59 -4.11 Filter Waste Releases to Incineration or Landfill during Filter Media Changeout (Release 10) 60 -4.12 Open Surface Losses to Air During Filter Media Changeout (Release 11) 61 -4.13 Transfer Operation Losses to Air from Loading Radiation Curable Product into Transport Containers (Release 12) 62 5. Occupational Exposure Assessments for the Formulatio of Radiation Curable Products 65 -5.1 Personal Protective Equipment 67 -5.2 Number of Workers Exposed Per Site 67 -5.3 Exposure from Unloading Solid or Liquid Chemicals (Exposure A) 69 -5.4 Exposure to Solids or Liquids During Container Cleaning (Exposure B) 73 -5.5 Exposure from Sampling Liquid Radiation Curable Product (Exposure C) 77 -5.6 Exposure to Liquids During the Equipment Cleaning of Mixers and Other Process Equipment (Exposure D) 79 -5.7 Exposure from Changing Spent Filter Media (Exposure E) 81 -5.8 Exposure from Packaging Radiation Curable Product (Exposure F) 83 6 Sample Calculations 86 -6.1 General Facility Estimates for the Formulation of Radiation Curable Products 86 -6.2 Release Assessments for the Formulation of Radiation Curable Products 90 -6.3 Occupational Exposure Assessments for the Formulation of Radiation Curable Products 98 7. Data Gaps / Uncertainties and Future Work 108 8. References 110 Appendix A. Estimation Equation Summary and Default Parameter Values 115 Appendix B. Background Information and Equations/Defaults for the Standard EPA Environmental Release and Worker Exposure Models 125
