Energy Efficiency Market Report 2014
The evidence is clear: energy efficiency has played, and continues to play, a large and valuable role in the sustainable development of the global economy. The energy demand that is avoided as a result of steady improvements in the efficiency of energy-using stock such as buildings, cars and applian...
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| Autores Corporativos: | , |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Paris :
International Energy Agency
2014.
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| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009705568306719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Foreword 3 Acknowledgements 4 Executive summary 16 PART 1. THE MARKET FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY 23 1. Towards a better estimation of the global energy efficiency market 24 -Summary 24 -Energy Efficiency Market Report 2014: Approach to evaluating the energy efficiency market 24 -Savings generated by energy efficiency: The market’s output 25 -Energy efficiency: Still the first fuel 26 -Estimating investment in the energy efficiency market 28
- Method 1: Estimate using gross capital formation 29
- Method 2: Estimate based on changes in energy intensity30
- Method 3: Estimate based on the Long-term Industrial Energy Forecast (LIEF) model 31
- Method 4: Estimate based on a Monte Carlo simulation 31
- Method 5: Estimate based on leveraging 32
- Method 6: Estimate based on the World Energy Investment Outlook 33 -Conclusion: Towards improved market valuations 33 -References 34 2. What the numbers say: Tracking energy efficiency progress 35 -Summary 35 -Introduction: The role of indicators in supporting our analysis of the energy efficiency market 35 -Global trends: Energy intensity continues to decline 37
- The energy intensity improvements necessary to achieve IEA scenarios 38 -Energy efficiency: Metrics to isolate the impact of efficiency indicators 39
- The energy efficiency effect in 18 IEA member countries 41 -Energy efficiency patterns for individual consumers 44
- Disaggregating and decomposing residential energy use 44
- Energy efficiency indicators for passenger transport energy use 48
- Energy efficiency’s impact on affordability of energy services for individual consumers 50 -Energy efficiency patterns of business and public services 52
- Disaggregating and decomposing energy use in freight transport 52
- Industry and services 53 -Conclusion 56 -References 57 3. The market for energy efficiency in transport: A focus on the land-based Sub-sector 59 -Summary 59 -Introduction 60 -Improving energy efficiency in transport: The "avoid, shift and improve" paradigm 60 -How energy efficiency investments relate to avoid, shift and improve outcomes 62
- Market actions that improve vehicle efficiency 62
- Market actions to promote a shift for efficiency improvements 62
- Market actions to avoid passenger travel 63 -The transport market: Overall context and drivers for efficiency 63
- Demand for transport 63
- Transport sector expenditure 64
- Drivers for improving energy efficiency in transport 65 -Improving energy efficiency of passenger vehicles: Trends and market developments 67
- Trends in passenger transport 67
- Trends in passenger transport efficiency 67
- Driving energy efficiency for passenger LDVs: The pre-eminent role of fuel economy standards 70
- The energy efficiency market for passenger vehicles 71 -Improving the energy efficiency of freight vehicles: Trends and market developments 74
- Trends in land-based freight efficiency 74
- Fuel cost: A key driver for energy efficiency in freight 76
- Energy efficiency standards for HDVs: An emerging tool 77
- Ways to improve energy efficiency in freight 77 -Shift: The impact of modal investments on energy efficiency 78
- Trends in transport infrastructure investment and impact on modal share 78
- The shift market: Levels and benefits of investment in efficiency infrastructure 81 -Conclusions: Medium-term prospects for efficiency markets in transport 82 -References 82 4. Energy efficiency finance 86 -Summary 86 -Introduction 86 -Public finance 88
- Public finance institution initiatives: Financing domestic investments 89
- Development finance: Cross-border investment financings 92
- International climate finance 96
- Carbon finance 97 -Private finance 99
- Commercial banks 99
- Institutional investors 101
- Rio+20: Private sector Voluntary Commitments on energy efficiency 101 -Selected financing structures, techniques and intermediaries 102
- EPC and ESCOs 102
- Bonds: Green and other 104
- On-bill financing: PACE and other programmes 107 -Conclusions and prospects 108 -References 109 PART 2. COUNTRY ENERGY EFFICIENCY MARKET PROFILES 113 -Introduction 114 5. Canada 115 6. China 125 7. European Union 135 8. India 145 9. Indonesia 151 10. Ireland 157 11. Italy 166 12. Japan 174 13. Korea 183 14. The Netherlands 189 15. Thailand 198 PART 3. ANNEX AND LIST OF ACRONYMS 207 Annex: Energy use and intensity data 208 List of acronyms 213
