France 2011.

The 2011 edition of OECD's periodic survey of the French economy. This edition includes chapters covering the recovery, bringing down the public debt, making the housing market work better, and France's environmental policies.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal:	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (corporate author, -)
Autor Corporativo:	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Corporate Author (corporate author)
Formato:	Libro electrónico
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	[Paris] : OECD 2011.
Edición:	2011th ed
Colección:	OECD economic surveys, v. 2011/5 OECD economic surveys. France,
Materias:	France > Economic conditions. France > Economic policy.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:	https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009705522106719

Tabla de Contenidos:

Cover
Table of Contents
Basic Statistics of France
Executive Summary
Assessment and Recommendations
Chapter 1.Securing a Lasting Recovery
The Economy Is Gradually Recovering From a Severe Recession
Table 1.1. Recent Macroeconomic Developments
Figure 1.1. A Comparison of the 2008-09 Recession in France With Its Predecessors
The Great Recession Will Have a Lasting Impact on the Economy
France Is in An Intermediate Situation With Respect to the Impact of the Crisis
Figure 1.2. Households' Savings and Debt
Figure 1.3. The Evolution of Oecd Countries' Macroconditions Over the Crisis
Table 1.2. Real House Prices and the Crisis
Private Investment Is Starting to Lead the Way
Fiscal Policy Is Tightening, As It Must
Monetary Policy Will Remain Appropriately Accommodating
Figure 1.4. The Level of Interest Rates
Credit to Business Is Picking Up Albeit Only Modestly
Figure 1.5. Credit to the Private Sector
Clouds Still Hang Over the European Financial System
French Banks Benefitted From Exceptional Measures
Box 1.1. Public Aid to Credit Institutions
Table 1.3. Claims of Foreign Banks on Selected Peripheral Eu Countries
The Framework for Supervising Banks Has Been Improved
Additional Measures Are Needed to Reduce Systemic Risk
Labour Market Reforms Have Advanced But Still Have Far to Go
Sound Handling of the Recession, and Some Promising Recent Results
Figure 1.6. Unemployment By Age Groups, France
Persistent Structural Weaknesses
Figure 1.7. Youths' and Older Workers' Employment Rates in Selected Oecd Countries and France
Figure 1.8. Structure of the Labour Market
Figure 1.9. Main Weaknesses of the French Labour Market
Putting the Emphasis on the Supply of Output
Figure 1.10. Current Account Balance and Net Fdi Inflows and Outflows, France.
Table 1.4. The Weight of France in Global Exports (1997-2009) in Value
Box 1.2. Recommendations on the Financial System and the Labour Market
Notes
Bibliography
Annex 1.A1.Progress With Structural Reforms
Chapter 2. Bringing French Public Debt Down: The Options for Fiscal Consolidation
France Has a Long Track Record of Budget Shortfalls...
Figure 2.1. Government Deficit and Gross Debt By Sector
The Global Crisis Led to Record-High Deficits in 2009-10...
... in a Context Where the Level of Public Spending Remains High
Figure 2.2. The Evolution of General Government Receipts and Expenditures
Figure 2.3. Direct Government Spending and Social Benefits in Oecd Countries
Reducing Public Debt Is Crucial
Figure 2.4. Structural of Central Government Debt in Oecd Countries
A Sizeable Fiscal Retrenchment Is Needed
Table 2.1. Simulations Regarding Consolidation Needs for Different Public Debt Scenarios
Consolidation May Hurt Economic Growth
The Government Intends a Smooth Path for Fiscal Consolidation in the Coming Few Years
Strengthening the Fiscal Framework By Introducing a Structural Deficit Target...
Table 2.2. Fiscal Rules in the European Union, 2008 and Updated
Table 2.3. Revisions (in T + 1 and T + 2) Compared to the First Release (in T) in Output Gap Estimates and Underlying Government Balances in France (Revision Minus First Release)
... and By Creating An Independent Fiscal Council
Table 2.4. Optimistic Biais of Official Gdp Growth Rate Forecasts Relative to Independent and Market Forecasts
Reducing Budget Deficits By Cutting Public Expenditures
The Public Wage Bill
Figure 2.5. Total Change in Full-Time Equivalent Central Government Employment
Increasing Public-Sector Efficiency
Figure 2.6. The Share of General Government Employment in the Labour Force in 2008.
The Ageing Problem Is a Serious Threat to France's Public Finances in the Medium and Long Run
Figure 2.7. Ageing-Related Public Expenditures As a Share of Gdp
Health-Care Expenditures
The Sustainability of the Pension System
Table 2.5. Adjustments Needed to Rebalance the Pension System
Figure 2.8. Pension Contribution and Net Replacement Rates, 2007
Lowering Budget Deficits By Raising Revenues
Eliminating Distortions in the Tax Base
Figure 2.9. The Share of Immovable Property-Related Taxes in Total Fiscal Revenues, 2008
Figure 2.10. Relative Effective Tax Rates in Europe, 2000-08
Figure 2.11. The Effective Vat Rate and the Vat Revenue Ratio, 1990-2008
The Scope for Increasing Environmental Taxes
A Large Potential for Reducing Tax Expenditures
Figure 2.12. Tax Expenditures in Selected Oecd Countries and in France
Table 2.6. The Largest "Official" Tax Expenditures Cited in the Budget Bill and the Social Security Budget Bill for 2011
Box 2.1. Recommendations to Improve the Sustainability of the Public Finances
Notes
Bibliography
Chapter 3. Making the Housing Market Work Better
The Macroeconomic Importance of Housing
Figure 3.1. Year-on-Year Housing Market Trends
Figure 3.2. Housing Construction and Residential Investment
Figure 3.3. Household Mortgage Debt
Is There a Housing Crisis?
An Intermediate Situation in Terms of Tenure Structure
Figure 3.4. Tenure Structure Across Countries
A Trend to Improved Housing Conditions and Rising Prices
Figure 3.5. Property Prices, Rents and Household Disposable Income in Real Terms
Figure 3.6. Household Housing Expenditure, 1978-2009
Box 3.1. The Price-to-Rent Ratio Adjusted for the User Cost of Housing
Figure 3.7. Price-to-Rent Ratio Adjusted for the User Cost of Housing
Table 3.1. Gross Rate of Return.
Figure 3.8. Descriptive Statistics of Housing
The Problem of Poor Housing Remains, and Inequalities With Respect to Housing Costs Are Increasing
Figure 3.9. Growing Inequality
Housing Policies in France
Table 3.2. Government Support to Housing, 2008
Figure 3.10. Government Support for Housing
Ensuring Decent Housing for All According to Their Means
Encouraging Social Mixing
A Proactive Policy to Promote Home Ownership
Residential Property Taxation Is a Significant Source of Government Revenue
Table 3.3. Housing-Related Tax Revenues, 2008
Limiting Distortions
Reducing the Heavy Segmentation of the Rental Market
Figure 3.11. Distribution of Rents in Paris, 2008
Box 3.2. Consequences of the Segmentation of the Rental Market
Table 3.4. Effect of Rent Controls in the Social Sector on Rents in the Private Sector and on Total Housing Supply
Revising the Rent Index
Updating Rateable Values
Moving Towards Fiscal Neutrality
Box 3.3. Optimal Taxation With Housing
Making the Housing Market More Fluid and Transparent
Reducing Transactions Costs
Improving the Housing Supply Response
Promoting Residential Mobility
Table 3.5. The Effect of Household Characteristics on Residential Mobility
Rebalancing Landlord-Tenant Relations in Order to Promote Investment
Improving Statistical Information
Increasing Competition in the Housing Sector
Housing Credit
Notaries
Real Estate Agents
Property Management Companies
France in the Spectrum of Social Housing Systems
Funding Social Housing
Social Sector Rent Determination
The Allocation of Affordable Housing Across Areas
The Allocation of Social Housing
Box 3.4. Recommendations in the Field of Housing Policy
Notes
Bibliography.
Chapter 4. France's Environmental Policies: Internalising Global and Local Externalities
Contributing to Global Climate Change Mitigation
France's Commitments and Achievements
Figure 4.1. Changes in % Ghg Emissions (Excluding Lulufc), 1990-2008
The Potential for Further Reduction in Ghg Emissions
Figure 4.2. Ghg Emissions Per Capita and Per Unit of Gdp, 2008
A Cross-Country Comparison of Sectoral Ghg Emissions
Table 4.1. Ghg Emissions - Sectoral Indicators, 1990-2007
Figure 4.3. Co2 Emissions Per Unit of Gross Electricity Production in Oecd Countries, 2008
Internalising the External Costs of Ghg Emissions
Climate Change Mitigation Policies in France: The Grenelle De L'Environnement
Table 4.2. Implicit Carbon Price Based on Excise Tax Content, 2009Q3
Figure 4.4. Estimated External Costs of Petrol and Diesel Cars (Eur Cents/Litre), 2009
Figure 4.5. The Implied Carbon Price in Automotive Excise Taxes if the Costs of Local Negative Externalities Are Taken Into Consideration
Figure 4.6. Radioactive Waste Stocks, 2007
Table 4.3. Feed-in Tariffs and Implied Producer Subsidies in Europe
Table 4.4. Ghg Abatement Costs Implied By Feed-in Tariffs Europe, 2009-10
Table 4.5. Estimated Abatement Costs of Measures Aiming At Better Thermal Insulation and Upgrading Heating Systems
Figure 4.7. Change in Total Emissions of Particulate Matter Due to Road Transportation, 1992-2006
Waste Production and Management
Table 4.6. Waste Production and Management in Europe, 1997-2008
Table 4.7. Recovery and Recycling Rates of Packaging Waste, 2007
Table 4.8. Avoided Pollution and Resource Savings Due to Recycling in France, 2006
Water Pollution and Management
Figure 4.8. Fertiliser and Pesticide Use in Europe, 2008
Table 4.9. Per Capita Water Use, 2006.
Figure 4.9. Unit Price of Water for Households in Oecd Countries, 2008.

France 2011.

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