Optimising Russian natural gas reform and climate policy
The world’s largest gas producer and exporter, Russia has an enormous energy saving potential. At least 30 billion cubic meters – a fifth of Russian exports to European OECD countries -- could be saved every year by enhanced technology or energy efficiency. As the era of cheap gas in Russia comes to...
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| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
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Paris, France :
International Energy Agency
c2006.
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| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009705083606719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- FOREWORD; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS; TABLE OF CONTENTS; ANNEXES; LIST OF MAPS; LIST OF FIGURES; LIST OF TABLES; LIST OF BOXES; EXECUTIVE SUMMARY; ES-1 Estimated GHG emissions: Russia's natural gas sector and gas flaring in 2004; ES-1 Estimated GHG emissions in 2004 and potential for reduction in Russia's natural gas sector and gas flaring; I. RUSSIA'S NATURAL GAS CHAIN:OVERVIEW AND OUTLOOK; Natural gas balance: trends, exports and outlook; 1 Gazprom reserve replacement; 1 Major natural gas producing and prospective regions and pipelines
- 1 Russian gas production by oil companies and independents in 2003-052 Russian gas supply outlook; 3 Russian gas demand by sector 1992-2004; 4 The structure of Russia's gas distribution sector; Energy efficiency: a huge potential to tap; 5 Projections of Russian energy intensity to 2020; 6 Historic and outlook for Russian domestic gas pricing; GHG emissions in Russia: the natural gas sector and gas flaring; 7 Gazprom energy consumption by sub-sector in 2000; 2 Gazprom's estimates of its GHG emission from 1990 to 2000 and projections to 2012
- 3 Gazprom's potential GHG emission reductions in 2000-128 Estimated structure of GHG emissions from Russian gas transmission and distribution systems and gas flaring in 2004; II. RUSSIAN CLIMATE POLICY FRAMEWORK; Russia in the context of the international climate policy; 9 World energy-related CO2 emissions 2003, by country (25-2 GtCO2); 4 Russia's estimated total GHG emissions; 10 Russian GDP, energy consumption and CO2 emissions, 1990-2004; 11 Sectoral structure of Russian CO2 emissions from energy combustion; 5 Russian projections of economic growth and CO2 emissions for 2000-12
- 12 Projections of CO2 emissions in Russia relative to 1990 levelsThe Kyoto Protocol and Russia: managing the surplus; 13 Existing and proposed mechanisms for international emissionstransactions under the Kyoto Protocol; 6 Russia's estimated surplus of Assigned Amount Units in 2010; 1 Joint implementation (JI): two tracks; 2 Green investment scheme (GIS); Russian climate policy: strategies and institutions; 7 Energy sector related actions listed in the Action Plan
- 8 Russian deadlines to fulfil eligibility requirements for participation in the Kyoto Protocol flexibility mechanisms and in alternative schemes3 The system of fees for pollutant emissions in Russian environmental policy; Participation in flexibility mechanisms: Russia's capacity; 4 Additionality demonstration for CDM projects; 14 Additionality tool of CDM projects; III. GHG EMISSION REDUCTIONSIN THE GAS TRANSMISSION SECTOR; The current state of Russia's gas transmission system; 9 Development of Russia's Unified Gas Supply System (UGSS); 15 Accidents at transmission pipelines, 1991 to 2000
- 10 Age structure of Gazprom's transmission pipelines
