National Urban Policy Review of Colombia
This OECD National Urban Policy Review of Colombia provides a comprehensive assessment of the country's national urban policy 'the System of Cities' and of different sectoral policies that affect urban life: transport, housing, land use, and digitalisation. Colombia has entered the 20...
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| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
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Paris :
Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development
2022.
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| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009704835506719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Table of contents
- Abbreviations and acronyms
- Executive summary
- Key findings
- Key recommendations
- Assessment and recommendations
- Strong and fast urbanisation in Colombia
- Strengths and challenges in Colombia's urban system
- Cities are the engine of economic growth but productivity is low by international standards
- Air pollution in Colombian cities remains high
- Colombian cities are prone to natural phenomena, man-made disasters and climate change impact
- Critical sectoral policy challenges remain and undermine urban outcomes
- A quantitative and qualitative housing deficit is addressed mainly by social housing production and the promotion of homeownership
- Land use plans are the main instrument to implement urban policy but most of them are outdated and underused
- Despite investments, urban residents face critical mobility challenges
- Urban inequality has decreased and safety has improved but more could be done
- The System of Cities has modernised Colombia's approach to urbanisation
- However, some challenges remain in the System of Cities
- Colombia is developing a new version of its NUP Cities 4.0
- Key recommendations to unlock the potential of a new NUP for Colombia
- Reinforce the place-based approach to embrace the diversity of urban needs
- Use the new NUP as a tool to deal with the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
- Continue promoting compact cities to make better use of the existing city
- Mainstream climate change and disaster risk management into urban planning
- Link urban and rural policies and continue promoting urban-rural partnerships
- Introduce an evaluation system
- Key recommendations on leveraging urban-related sectoral policies for better-quality urbanisation.
- Adopt a housing and habitat policy geared towards sustainable and inclusive urbanisation
- Modernise land use planning to manage urban development
- Shift the focus from urban mobility to urban accessibility
- Leverage digitalisation for more productive, innovative and inclusive cities
- Harness urban policy to advance equity and social justice
- Strengthening the urban governance framework
- Reinforcing inter-municipal co-ordination mechanisms
- Facilitating metropolitan governance
- Strengthening co-ordination across levels of government
- Leveraging fiscal instruments to reinforce urban finance and investment
- Building the capacity and capability of subnational governments
- 1 Colombia's urbanisation trends and challenges
- Introduction
- Colombia's urbanisation trends
- A highly urbanised and polycentric country
- A young but ageing urban population
- Densification and urban expansion
- Informal settlements
- Economic performance of Colombian cities
- Colombian cities are the main engines of economic growth and hubs of employment
- The informal economy is widespread in Colombian cities
- Productivity in Colombian cities is low and agglomeration economies limited
- Living in Colombian cities
- The quantitative and qualitative housing deficit in cities drive low housing affordability
- While social indicators have improved in urban areas, urban inequality remains an issue
- Colombian cities remain unsafe despite recent improvements
- Congestion, fatalities and pollution are the main mobility challenges in Colombian cities
- While air pollution remains high, Colombian cities fare relatively well in other environmental indicators
- References
- Notes
- Annex 1.A. Methodology to identify FUAs according to Colombia's System of Cities and the EU/OECD
- Definition of Colombian FUAs by Colombia's System of Cities.
- Definition of Colombian FUAs by the EU/OECD
- 2 Toward a renewed national urban policy in Colombia
- Introduction
- Colombia's urban development context
- Acute urban challenges hinder socio-economic progress
- COVID-19 aggravated living conditions in cities
- Cities face high levels of poverty, inequality and insecurity
- Housing construction, connectivity among cities and informality are important factors for the urban economy dynamics
- Poor air quality and adaptation to climate change are key urban priorities
- A comprehensive regulatory framework for urban policy
- Colombia's NUP framework - The System of Cities
- The consolidation of the System of Cities for sustainable development
- The System of Cities has modernised Colombia's approach to urban development
- The System of Cities is largely in line with international practices and trends in NUP
- Environmental and climate change policies largely complement urban policy
- The limitations of the System of Cities
- Opportunities and threats for urban policy in Colombia
- Contextual and institutional factors may help renew Colombia's NUP
- The effectiveness of the NUP may be constrained by external factors and institutional limitations
- Recalibrating the NUP approach to improve urbanisation
- Adopt a more integrated approach to urban policy
- A word of caution on integrated policies
- Use urban policy as a tool for recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
- Promote a place-based approach to embrace the diversity of urban needs
- Continue promoting compact city policies but avoid a "one-size-fits-all approach"
- Place cities at the core of a strategy for competitiveness, inclusion and reaching net-zero emissions
- Align sectoral policies to build accessible and inclusive cities
- Incorporate measures to adapt to natural phenomena, man-made disasters and climate change impact.
- Consider the rural dimension in the development of urban policy
- Mainstream urban-rural linkages in urban policy
- Colombia is not capitalising on its high urbanisation level due to weak urban-rural linkages
- The national government should continue promoting urban-rural linkages through the national urban and rural policies
- Introduce an implementation and evaluation system for the plans and programmes that form the NUP
- In summary - What elements should be included in a new NUP?
- References
- Notes
- 3 Policies for sustainable cities in Colombia
- Introduction
- Pursuing urban sustainability
- Improving spatial and land use planning
- Strategic planning is underexploited and reduced to a bureaucratic requirement
- POTs are too complex and mostly outdated and underused
- The POT formulation process is costly and prone to political influence
- POTs include a large number of topics that makes them complex to elaborate or update
- Lack of sufficient financial resources hinders the implementation of POTs
- Land use planning must be more flexible and simplified
- POTs should be supported by fiscal incentives to steer land use
- POTs should pursue compact development and be forward-looking
- The metropolitan dimension in land use planning should be reinforced
- Land use planning should prioritise urban regeneration and environmental preservation
- Improving urban accessibility
- Urban mobility plans are not widely adopted and face financial difficulties
- Public transport and urban planning are not always aligned
- COVID-19 imposed constraints on the use of public space and movement
- A new national policy to overcome mobility challenges has been adopted although some limitations remain
- The national urban mobility policy lacks a focus on accessibility and equality.
- Some projects aim to improve mobility through urban planning
- Electric mobility is being promoted
- COVID-19 has given a new impetus to investment in transport infrastructure
- Building accessible cities in Colombia
- Strengthen the implementation of CONPES 3991
- Improve the quality of urban mobility plans
- Ensure that local development plans, POTs and mobility plans work in a co-ordinated fashion
- Explore the viability of creating metropolitan transport authorities
- Enable urban accessibility through compact cities and public transport
- Use public transport to contribute to cities' transition to a low-carbon economy
- Give active mobility (walking and cycling) the highest priority over any other means of transportation for short-distance trips
- Make urban public transport gender-sensitive
- Boosting inclusive urban economic development
- Although cities are the engine of economic growth, their productivity levels remain low
- Leveraging digitalisation to foster inclusive urban development
- Colombian cities need to ensure affordable Internet services to bridge the digital divide
- A national smart city framework is needed
- A Colombian smart city framework should be based on international experience
- Enhancing cities' innovation capacity
- Promote productivity through a broad-based approach to innovation in cities
- Promoting a strategic approach to innovation
- Fostering productivity through better public investment
- Colombia requires a more strategic and regional approach to investment
- Addressing urban inequality
- Improve the provision and management of public space
- Upgrade informal settlements
- Include urban safety considerations in urban policy
- References
- Notes
- 4 Policies for housing and habitat in Colombian cities
- Introduction
- Housing provision remains a national priority.
- Housing policies have shaped Colombia's urban model.
