Czech Republic 2016

Special Features: Fostering productivity for sustainable convergence; Public sector effectiveness.

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Corporativo:	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, contributor (contributor)
Formato:	Libro electrónico
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	Paris : OECD Publishing [2016]
Edición:	2016th ed
Colección:	OECD Economic surveys (Series)
Materias:	Economic history. Czech Republic > Economic conditions. Czech Republic > Economic policy.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:	https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009704708306719

Tabla de Contenidos:

Intro
Table of contents
Basic statistics of Czech Republic, 2015
Executive summary
Growth has picked up temporarily
Real GDP growth
Strengthening innovation policies and market regulations to bolster productivity
Convergence in labour productivity has stalled
Improving the effectiveness of the public sector
Public administration performance indicator
Assessment and recommendations
Turning to long-term challenges while the economy is growing
Key challenges for stronger and inclusive growth
Figure 1. Growth has picked up
Figure 2. Measures of well-being
Table 1. Indicators of well-being relative to other OECD countries
Figure 3. Inequality and poverty are relatively low but vary across regions
Figure 4. Labour productivity has disappointed since the crisis1
The economic outlook is positive
Table 2. Macroeconomic indicators and projections
Figure 5. Czech economic developments
Table 3. Potential vulnerabilities of the Czech economy
Monetary policy
Figure 6. Foreign exchange market and inflation
Figure 7. Indicators of potential macro-financial vulnerabilities
Fiscal sustainability
Table 4. Fiscal indicators
Table 5. Key features of the proposed fiscal framework
Figure 8. Debt dynamics taking into account macroeconomic shocks
Figure 9. Use of electronic tax filing is low
Figure 10. VAT revenue loss due to tax avoidance and evasion is above the EU average
Structural challenges
Progress on structural reform recommendations from previous Surveys
Future pension adequacy may pose a challenge for public finances
Figure 11. The impact of ageing on public finances
Figure 12. The benefit ratio is declining over time
Improve inclusiveness through a gender balance agenda and better integration of minorities.
Figure 13. Gender gaps in the labour market are large
Figure 14. Challenges for social inclusion
Greener growth through more co-ordinated and cost-effective policies
Figure 15. Reducing air pollution is important for the environment and Czechs' health
Fostering productivity for better living standards
Figure 16. Stalled convergence of the Czech Republic
Figure 17. Weak output is the main drag on productivity at the aggregate level
Figure 18. The labour productivity shortfall in the Czech Republic is mainly structural
Strengthening R&D and innovation policies to foster productivity
Figure 19. Business R&D intensity
Framework conditions are key for productivity
Figure 20. Reducing the extent of skill mismatch would increase labour productivity
Figure 21. The cost of bankruptcy proceedings is high
Figure 22. Self-employment is high
Enhancing the effectiveness of the public sector
Figure 23. Expenditure and performance for public administration are low
Increasing the effectiveness of the public administration
Reducing wastage and increasing value from public procurement and investment
Figure 24. Public investment has been volatile and lacking in some areas
Realising the benefits of decentralisation
Figure 25. Czech municipalities and regions are among the smallest in the OECD
Figure 26. Educational attainment is consistently good but the system could be organised more efficiently
Bibliography
Annex. Progress in structural reform
A. Strengthening the fiscal framework and fiscal sustainability
B. Promoting competition and improving the business environment
C. Reforming education and strengthening skill use and school-to-work transitions
D. Improving health spending efficiency
E. Making the tax structure more growth and employment friendly.
F. Achieving efficiency in the energy system
Chapter 1. Fostering productivity for income convergence
Introduction
Figure 1.1. GDP per capita
Figure 1.2. Decomposition of GDP growth
The productivity growth rate slowdown is structural
Labour productivity and total factor productivity growth rates have declined
Figure 1.3. Labour productivity has disappointed since the crisis1
Figure 1.4. The labour productivity shortfall is mainly structural
Contribution of sectoral productivity to total productivity is slowing down
Figure 1.5. Labour productivity by main activity
Investment and capital accumulation growth have receded
Figure 1.6. Capital accumulation has been undermined by the crisis
Leveraging R&D and innovation policies to foster productivity
The R&D and innovation performance are not yet satisfactory
Figure 1.7. Research and development expenditure by sector
Figure 1.8. Business R&D intensity
Figure 1.9. Innovation performance is moderate
Figure 1.10. Innovation is moderate in manufacturing and services sectors
Figure 1.11. Innovation results are not in line with spending: illustration from the ICT sector
Increase and better target R&D and innovation funding
Box 1.1. Technology Agency of the Czech Republic
Streamline the administration and implementation of innovation policy
Box 1.2. Czech innovation policies and bodies: a complex organisational structure
Upgrading the innovation system will increase productivity and competitiveness
Figure 1.12. Share of higher education R&D financed by industry
Figure 1.13. Externally developed goods and services used in innovation
Appropriate framework conditions are needed to increase productivity
Removing obstacles for firm expansion and start-up creation will boost productivity.
Figure 1.14. Labour productivity of small firms is low
Improving the management quality of Czech firms
Figure 1.15. Indicators of management quality and practices
Figure 1.16. There is a large difference in managerial quality by firm size
Table 1.1. Management outcomes by ownership and sector
Skill mismatch is high and likely affecting productivity
Figure 1.17. A relatively high share of Czech workers are over-skilled
Box 1.3. Skill mismatch and worker characteristics
Table 1.2. Overskilling and worker characteristics
Figure 1.18. Estimated labour productivity gains from moving policy-related factors to best practice
Raising competition and resource re-allocation to boost productivity
Figure 1.19. The cost of bankruptcy proceedings is high
Figure 1.20. Consumer market scoreboard: Czech Republic versus EU average
Figure 1.21. Barriers to entrepreneurship, 2013
Box 1.4. The Czech-Moravian Guarantee and Development Bank
Box 1.5. SME financing programmes
Figure 1.22. Business loan growth of financial institutions
Leveraging the high participation in global value chains to increase productivity
Figure 1.23. Participation in global value chains is high
Figure 1.24. Intermediate inputs in key manufacturing sectors
Figure 1.25. Services outsourcing and labour productivity growth in the manufacturing sector
Recommendations to foster productivity growth and income convergence
Bibliography
Chapter 2. Enhancing public sector efficiency and effectiveness
Enhancing the effectiveness of public spending
Figure 2.1. Comparing the efficiency of public administration across OECD countries
Box 2.1. Strategic Framework of the Development of Public Administration for 2014-20
Table 2.1. Summary of objectives
Using public procurement for efficient provision of public services.
Figure 2.2. Public procurement spending by level of government
Figure 2.3. Indicators of competition in public procurement
Table 2.2. Comparing procurement across types of government
Maximising the impact of public investment spending through better planning and implementation
Figure 2.4. Infrastructure investment has fallen and is still needed in some areas
Figure 2.5. Government investment has been volatile and procyclical
Figure 2.6. Size and absorption of the 2007-13 programme of EU structural funds
Box 2.2. OECD recommendations for effective public investment across levels of government
Table 2.3. Key principles for effective investment
Better management of human resources
Figure 2.7. Gaps in human resource practices were affecting the civil service
Box 2.3. The new Civil Service Act
Focussing on performance to evaluate and reinforce improved processes
Figure 2.8. There are gaps in the usage and availability of some e-government services
Box 2.4. E-Government tools in the Czech Republic
Realising the benefits of decentralisation
Figure 2.9. Sub-national government spending is concentrated in a few functions
Table 2.4. Scope for sub-national discretion and autonomy
The current territorial division is fragmented and complicated
Figure 2.10. Czech municipalities and regions are among the smallest in the OECD
Figure 2.11. Czech cities are among the most territorially fragmented in the OECD
Table 2.5. Distribution of municipalities by key functions performed
Box 2.5. Voluntary associations of municipalities (VAMs)
Better matching size and function to overcome fragmentation
Figure 2.12. Relationship between cost of public services and municipality size
Figure 2.13. Educational attainment is consistently good but the system could be organised more efficiently.
Box 2.6. Other OECD countries' experiences in overcoming territorial fragmentation.

Czech Republic 2016

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