Digital Trade Review of Brazil
This Digital Trade Review of Brazil provides an overview of Brazil's participation in digital trade and the related regulatory environment. It provides insights into how Brazil might ensure that the new challenges raised by the digital transformation for trade can be managed and the benefits sh...
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| Autor Corporativo: | |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Paris :
Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development
2022.
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| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009704612406719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Executive summary
- 1 Trade, digitalisation and Brazil
- Trade in the digital era
- What is digital trade?
- How has the digital transformation changed trade?
- What are the key implications for trade policy?
- How can digital trade be leveraged to fight the implications of COVID-19?
- The evolving policy context
- International discussions on digital trade are picking up
- Brazil is already actively engaged in these discussions
- Trade is an important share of Brazil's economic activity
- Brazil's trade in goods is largely natural resource based
- A large share of Brazil's services trade is digitally deliverable
- Brazil is an active participant in GVCs although mainly as a seller
- What does this tell us about the potential for digital trade in Brazil?
- References
- Notes
- 2 Mapping Brazil's participation in digital trade
- 2.1. Brazil has made important progress connecting people to the Internet
- 2.2. ICT goods and services play a critical role in supporting digital trade transactions, but barriers on these products remain high
- 2.2.1. Barriers to digital trade enablers need to be reduced
- Goods that support digital trade transactions continue to face barriers in Brazil
- Services that underpin access and use of digital solutions also remain subject to barriers
- 2.2.2. Brazil has a low share of ICT inputs in the production exports
- Use of ICT inputs in agro-food exports
- Use of ICT inputs in mining sectors
- Use of ICT inputs in manufacturing exports
- Use of ICT inputs in services exports
- 2.3. Trade in parcels can be an important channel for SME exports
- 2.3.1. Smaller firms are especially reliant on parcels to export
- 2.3.2. Postal services provide foundational support to trade in parcels.
- 2.4. Digitally deliverable services account for an important and growing share of Brazil's services trade
- 2.4.1. Digitally deliverable services tend to reach larger and more distant markets
- 2.4.2. Exporters of digitally deliverable services include a high share of smaller firms
- Annex 2.A. Supporting figures
- References
- Notes
- 3 The economic impact of joining the Information Technology Agreement
- 3.1. The Information Technology Agreement and Brazil's trade
- 3.2. Estimating the impact of ITA accession
- 3.2.1. ITA accession is likely to result in value added gains in a range of sectors but also in concentrated losses in the electronic equipment sector
- 3.2.2. ITA accession is likely to lead to a decrease in import prices and an increase in import quantities of electronic equipment
- 3.2.3. ITA accession is likely to lead to gains in export competitiveness, including in manufacturing and services sectors
- 3.2.4. Macroeconomic effects of ITA accession
- 3.2.5. Limitations of this exercise
- 3.3. What are the takeaway lessons from this exercise?
- Annex 3.A. The economic impact of joining the Information Technology Agreement
- The original ITA Product list
- Partial coverage of HS subheadings
- Revisions of the HS system and updating the ITA product list
- ITA Attachment B products
- End-use categories
- ITA goods and ICT goods
- ITA goods in the OECD METRO model exercise
- Testing the sensitivity of results to the ITA labour productivity shock
- References
- Notes
- 4 Identifying the policy environment affecting digital trade
- 4.1. Domestic policy and regulatory environment for digital trade
- 4.1.1. Cumbersome trade regulations on telecommunications and broadcasting services can undermine the quality of service provision to Brazilian customers.
- 4.1.2. Balanced rules on cross-border data flows can help Brazilian firms maximise the benefits of technological innovations
- 4.1.3. Facilitating cross-border online payments can boost online consumption
- 4.1.4. Intellectual property rights
- 4.1.5. Creating an enabling environment for digitally ordered goods
- Receiving goods and getting them to and from the border
- Getting goods across the border - upgrading the trade facilitation environment
- 4.1.6. Lowering trade barriers for ancillary services is essential to complete digital transactions
- 4.1.7. Trade and competition in Brazil's digital economy
- 4.2. Digital trade provisions in Brazil's international and regional trade agreements
- 4.2.1. Brazil and the international regulatory framework for digital trade
- 4.2.2. Brazil and regional trade agreements / arrangements
- Brazil's regional trade agreements
- Other initiatives toward regional digital integration
- References
- Notes
- 5 Enabling Brazilian firms to export in the digital era
- 5.1. What are the characteristics of Brazilian exporters?
- 5.1.1. Profile of Brazilian trading firms
- 5.1.2. Existing evidence of trade in bundled products (simultaneous export of goods and services)
- 5.2. Using ICT goods and services to increase export performance
- 5.2.1. Firms that import ICT goods and services tend to export more
- 5.2.2. Imported ICT inputs are especially important for goods exports and for micro-sized firms
- 5.3. Enabling greater access for Brazilian services
- 5.3.1. Do barriers to digitally enabled services affect Brazilian firms ability to engage in services exports?
- 5.3.2. What type of barriers matter for Brazilian exporters?
- 5.3.3. Do regulatory restrictions impact Brazilian services exporters of different sizes in the same way?
- References
- Notes.
