Case studies on the regulatory challenges raised by innovation and the regulatory responses
The pace and scope of innovation are challenging the way governments regulate. Existing regulatory frameworks might not be agile enough to accommodate the fast pace of technological development and, as a consequence, rules might become outdated.
| Autor principal: | |
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| Autores Corporativos: | , |
| Otros Autores: | |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Paris :
Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development
2021.
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| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009704596006719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations and acronyms
- Executive summary
- 1 Overview
- Introduction
- Technological innovations and new business models surveyed
- Key implications of innovation on markets and societies
- The regulatory challenges
- Challenges to the design of fit for purpose regulatory frameworks
- Challenges to regulatory enforcement
- Institutional and transboundary challenges
- The pacing problem
- Regulatory approaches
- Anticipatory governance
- Wait and see approaches
- Issuing guidance
- Self-regulation
- Co-regulation
- Regulatory experiments
- Outcome-based regulation
- Means-based regulation
- Outright/effective ban
- Some considerations on instrument choice
- Using regulatory policy tools to tackle the challenges faced by governments
- Notes
- References
- Part I Case studies on the regulatory challenges raised by innovation and the regulatory responses
- 2 Case 1. Data-driven markets: regulatory challenges and regulatory approaches
- Context
- Impact on markets structures
- Impacts on firm's strategies
- Competition dynamics
- Growing power to consumers
- Key issues for governments and regulators
- A need to rethink traditional approaches and existing tools to address the challenges raised by data-driven markets
- Data privacy and security
- Socio-ethical challenges
- Regulatory challenges for governments
- Pacing problem
- Challenges to the existing regulatory frameworks.
- Challenges to regulatory enforcement
- Institutional and transboundary challenges
- Regulatory approaches
- Co-regulation and self-regulation
- Adapting the regulatory framework
- Guidelines and policy recommendations developed by economic regulators
- European Commission's legislative initiatives: Digital Services Act (DSA) and Digital Markets Act (DMA)
- Digital Services Act (DSA).
- Digital Market Act (DMA)
- Merger of regulators in France
- The role of traditional regulatory policy tools
- Regulatory impact assessment
- National regulatory co-operation
- Promoting good practices, sharing expertise and developing joined-up approaches through international co-operation
- Conclusion
- References
- 3 Case 2. Digitalisation in finance: regulatory challenges and regulatory approaches
- Context
- Key transformative impacts
- New business models
- Competition
- Markets efficiencies
- Data security and privacy
- Regulatory challenges for governments
- Pacing problem
- Challenges to the traditional organisation of regulation
- Challenges to regulatory enforcement
- Transboundary challenges
- Regulatory approaches
- Issuing guidance
- Adapting regulatory frameworks
- Innovative governance and regulatory approaches
- Innovation offices
- Regulatory sandboxes
- The role of traditional regulatory policy tools
- Stakeholder engagement
- International regulatory co-operation
- Horizon scanning
- Conclusion
- Note
- References
- 4 Case 3. Blockchain and smart contracts: regulatory challenges and regulatory approaches
- Context
- What is Distributed Ledger Technology?
- What are smart contracts?
- Key transformative impacts
- Decentralisation
- Transaction costs
- Competition
- Data privacy
- Regulatory challenges for governments
- Pacing problem
- Challenges in terms of territoriality, enforceability and liability
- Challenges to the existing regulatory frameworks
- Regulatory approaches
- Wait and see approaches
- Issuing guidance
- Adapting regulatory frameworks
- Regulatory sandboxes
- Traditional regulatory policy tools
- Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- 5 Case 4. Ridesourcing services: regulatory challenges and regulatory approaches
- Context
- General description of the technology.
- Overview of the main market players and the market structure
- Key opportunities and threats arising from the new technology
- Opportunities
- Efficiency benefits
- Service quality benefits
- Security benefits
- Threats
- Externalities: congestion and pollution
- Working conditions
- Equity issues
- Key transformative impacts
- Main ways the innovation affects the society and economy
- Service availability
- Impact on taxi industry incumbents
- Structural consequences
- Regulatory challenges
- Political economy
- Equal treatment of incumbents and entrants
- Regulatory enforcement
- Regulatory responses
- Regulatory approaches being used or contemplated
- Congestion charges
- Other sector-specific charges
- Fleet size limits/freezes on licence issue
- Minimum utilisation rates
- Return to base requirements
- Driver income initiatives
- Accessibility requirements
- Overview
- Role of regulatory policy tools in tackling the regulatory challenges
- Conduct reviews of significant regulation against clearly defined policy goals
- Integrate regulatory impact assessment (RIA) into the early stages of the regulatory process
- Adopt principles of open government, including transparency and participation in the regulatory process
- Recognise their shortcomings and potential areas for improvement
- Conclusion
- Notes
- References
- 6 Case 5. Regulatory challenges brought by technologies and business models for smart logistics
- Introduction
- Smart logistics overview
- Concepts and key technologies of smart logistics
- Artificial intelligence (AI)
- Robotics
- Augmented reality
- Big data analysis
- Internet of Things
- Virtual reality
- Drones
- Blockchain
- Market outlook for smart logistics
- Market outlook for AGVs
- Global market size for commercial drones
- Emerging topics in smart logistics.
- Smart logistics with drones
- Drone-only delivery
- Drone delivery by Google Wing
- Drone-truck co-operation for delivery
- UPS's drone truck co-operation
- Amazon's patent on drone-truck co-operation
- Regulations on drone-delivery services in Korea
- Current regulations
- Regulation reform roadmap in Korea
- Technological roadmap (scenarios)
- Implications of regulatory challenges
- Regulations on express delivery services
- Emergence of express delivery services
- Online early morning delivery cases
- Market Kurly: Dawn delivery/early morning delivery
- Coupang: rocket fresh
- Regulations on work hours for offline retailers in Korea
- Big retail shops' detouring strategies
- Utilising existing stores and adding online channels
- Lotte Mart: Digital fulfilment store
- Homeplus: Fulfilment center &
- store
- New fulfilment center for online selling
- E-mart's new fulfilment center: NE.O for online selling
- Regulatory challenges for truck platooning
- Truck platooning technologies
- Truck platooning concept
- Advantages of truck platooning
- Technological development forecast
- European Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA)
- Necessary conditions for the commercialisation of truck platooning
- Policy for truck platooning technologies
- Regulation-relaxation approach
- Exempting platooning from the state's FTC Rules, US
- Mitigation policy for automotive safety standards, US
- The US collaborated with Peloton Technologies, Texas
- Regulation-reform approach
- Korea's preemptive regulatory reform roadmap
- Korea's truck platooning demonstration
- Logistics service using autonomous vehicles in Korea
- Major issues related to truck platooning regulations
- Infrastructure information in standard format
- Implications of regulatory challenges
- Conclusion
- References.
- 7 Case 6. The Korean experience of sharing economy and its policy implications
- Introduction
- Sharing economy: status and prospects
- Sharing economy in Korea: an overview
- Scope and structure
- Setting the framework: concepts and components
- Previous discussions
- A narrow definition with a focus on the sharing of idle assets
- A Broad definition with a focus on ICT platform applications
- Core components
- Sharing economy in Korea: status and limits
- Status and characteristics
- Car-sharing
- Ride-sharing
- Accommodation-sharing
- Cases of failure: sharing of intangible assets and government-run sharing
- Cases of failure: government-run sharing
- Issues around sharing economy in Korea
- Conflicts with incumbent businesses
- Platform labour workers in regulatory grey area
- Government efforts towards social compromise
- A Need for alternative regulatory strategies
- What conventional regulations can do to the sharing economy
- The purpose of regulatory alternatives
- Alternative 1: Regulation-in-proportion (transaction-volume-based regulations)
- Alternative 2: Platform regulation (delegated implementation)
- Co-regulation: an ideal way forward
- Conclusion
- References.
