Blended Finance in the Least Developed Countries 2020 Supporting a Resilient COVID-19 Recovery

Blended Finance in the Least Developed Countries 2020 Supporting a Resilient COVID-19 Recovery

The least developed countries (LDCs) are the furthest from achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). They are also likely to be hit the hardest by the COVID-19 crisis and badly need the additional private finance that blended finance can unlock. Yet evidence shows that too little private f...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: OECD (-)
Autores Corporativos: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, author, issuing body (author), United Nations Capital Development Fund, author
Otros Autores: Fund, United Nations Capital Development
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Paris : OECD Publishing 2020.
Materias:
Sustainable development > Finance.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009704593306719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Intro
  • Foreword
  • Acknowledgements
  • Editorial
  • Abbreviations and acronyms
  • Executive summary
  • An Action Agenda to harness the potential of blended finance for the least developed countries
  • References
  • Key facts on blended finance in LDCs (Infographic)
  • An Action Agenda to harness the potential of blended finance for the LDCs (Infographic)
  • 1. Key findings and Action Agenda
  • 1.1. The challenges in least developed countries prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis
  • 1.2. The progress made in blended finance for least developed countries prior to COVID-19
  • 1.3. The coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis makes the challenges in least developed countries even greater
  • 1.4. Key opportunities for blended finance to tackle the COVID-19 crisis in least developed countries
  • 1.5. An Action Agenda to harness the potential of blended finance for least developed countries
  • 1. Support domestic financial ecosystems and market development
  • 1.1 Examine a project's systemic effects on the overall market
  • 1.2 Support local capacity-building to improve the enabling environment
  • 1.3 Develop local capital markets, promoting local currency financing solutions and greater mobilisation of local investors
  • 1.4 Strengthen the role of national development banks in deploying blended finance
  • 2. Design blended finance solutions to reach the "last mile"
  • 2.1 Focus on risk mitigation tools
  • 2.2 Engage local stakeholders to identify project opportunities in line with local needs
  • 2.3 Target the "missing-middle" enterprises
  • 2.4 Employ digital financial solutions
  • 2.5 Ensure the accessibility and affordability of products and services delivered through blended finance investments
  • 3. Improve impact management and measurement and promote transparency
  • 3.1 Improve impact management and measurement practices.
  • 3.2 Increase the transparency of existing investments
  • 3.3 Promote collaboration and the sharing of knowledge, best practices and lessons learned
  • 4. Bring blended finance to large scale through systemic and transformational approaches
  • 4.1 Incorporate blended finance into co-ordinated multilateral crisis response and national recovery plans
  • 4.2 Adopt a portfolio approach (through vehicles, platforms) for scalable solutions
  • 4.3 Prioritise scalable projects in sectors driving an inclusive, sustainable, green and resilient recovery
  • References
  • Notes
  • 2. Financing sustainable development in least developed countries
  • 2.1. Least developed countries continue to face stark challenges across development and well-being dimensions
  • 2.2. Least developed countries faced severe SDG financing gaps even before the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis
  • 2.3. Impacts of and responses to coronavirus (COVID-19) in least developed countries
  • 2.3.1. COVID-19 health impacts are unfolding in LDCs at an uncertain yet alarming pace
  • 2.3.2. The COVID-19 crisis is taking a heavy toll on LDCs' economies
  • 2.3.3. Other social impacts in LDCs due to COVID-19
  • 2.3.4. The responses, both domestic and international, in LDCs have been limited
  • References
  • Notes
  • 3. The role of blended finance in the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis response and recovery in least developed countries
  • 3.1. The role of blended finance in responding to the coronavirus (COVID-19) crisis: a phased approach
  • 3.1.1. Immediate and short-term response
  • 3.1.2. Medium- to long-term response
  • 3.1.3. Managing risk will be critical to use blended finance effectively in LDCs
  • 3.2. Key areas of focus for building forward better
  • 3.2.1. Attract investment in line with national SDG priorities
  • 3.2.2. Get people back to work in decent, sustainable jobs.
  • 3.2.3. Focus on small and medium-sized enterprises
  • 3.2.4. Systematically support women and girls to accelerate the recovery
  • 3.2.5. Support health systems
  • 3.2.6. Target sectors that are critical for inclusive, resilient and sustainable development
  • References
  • Note
  • 4. The state of blended finance in least developed countries (2012-2018)
  • 4.1. Least developed countries continue to receive the lowest share (although increasing in volume) of private finance mobilised by official development finance interventions
  • 4.2. Multilateral institutions mobilise the largest amounts of private finance in least developed countries
  • 4.3. Least developed countries in Eastern and Eestern Africa receive the largest amounts of private finance mobilised
  • 4.4. Private finance was mobilised in two additional least developed countries in 2018
  • 4.5. Most private finance mobilised in least developed countries is concentrated in the energy, banking and financial services sectors
  • References
  • Notes
  • 5. Blended finance in least developed countries in practice: guest contributions
  • 5.1. Ensuring country ownership in blended finance: a perspective from Bangladesh
  • 5.1.1. Lack of country ownership
  • 5.1.2. Targeting blended finance to MSMEs and leaving no one behind
  • 5.1.3. Mobilising blended finance in priority sectors: a case in point
  • 5.2. The IFC's blended concessional finance for the most challenging markets
  • 5.2.1. A shift in IFC's blended finance activities
  • 5.2.2. Blended finance solutions in LICs and LDCs
  • 5.2.3. Development impact and COVID-19 solutions
  • 5.3. An efficient and scalable approach for blended finance, focused on least developed countries
  • 5.4. Providing additionality through investment in different commercial scenarios.
  • 5.4.1. Donor capital use case 1: de-risk investment into a commercially viable - yet unproven - asset class
  • 5.4.2. Donor capital use case 2: attract investment into a non-commercially viable - yet developmentally critical - asset class
  • 5.4.3. Donors should evaluate the commercial viability of the underlying investment in a blended finance vehicle and weigh it against the development impact they want to achieve
  • 5.5. Four ways to refresh blended finance in the wake of coronavirus (COVID-19)
  • 5.5.1. Building up resilient systems
  • 5.5.2. Being responsible and thoughtful actors
  • 5.5.3. Opening up the gated community
  • 5.5.4. Creating strategic convergence and synergy
  • 5.6. Taking blended finance to large scale by developing market systems
  • 5.7. How the digital revolution is transforming blended finance solutions that reach the last mile
  • 5.8. Cities and blended finance in the aftermath of coronavirus (COVID-19)
  • 5.8.1. Problem: the existential dilemma of urbanisation finance
  • 5.8.2. How blended finance can help (potentially)
  • 5.9. How blended finance can support the development of local capital markets in least developed countries
  • 5.9.1. Leveraging public sector donor capital to provide guarantees to local investors
  • 5.9.2. Using PIDG technical assistance to provide grants to support capacity building workshops for local investors
  • 5.9.3. Developing local currency guarantors to support the development of local capital markets
  • 5.10. Addressing the "missing middle" challenge in least developed countries
  • 5.11. Out of the shadows into the limelight: national development banks as key actors in the decade of action
  • 5.11.1. Growing recognition of the key role of national development banks
  • 5.11.2. Supporting the transition to climate-smart growth
  • 5.11.3. Realising the potential of NDBs: three preconditions.
  • Good governance
  • Well-resourced NDBs
  • International support
  • An agenda for action
  • 5.12. Promoting transparency in blended finance
  • References
  • Notes
  • Annexes
  • Annex A. The least developed country category: criteria for inclusion and graduation
  • Annex B. Financing sustainable development in least developed countries
  • Development and well-being indicators: Least developed countries versus other developing countries
  • Least developed countries' financing for sustainable development landscape: an overview
  • Financing for sustainable development: LDCs versus other country groupings
  • External finance in LDCs
  • Development finance in LDCs
  • References
  • Notes
  • Annex C. Methodological note.

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