OECD Companion to the Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels 2021.
This report draws on more than 1 300 government budgetary transfers and tax expenditures providing preferential treatment for the production and consumption of fossil fuels as documented in the 2020 OECD Inventory of Support Measures for Fossil Fuels to track progress in reform of support.
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| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
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Paris :
OECD Publishing
2021.
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| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009704569606719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Intro
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Executive summary
- Rising support in OECD countries reverses five-year downward trend in fossil fuel subsidies
- But consumer support is declining, driven by the drop in fuel prices
- Peer reviews generate lessons for fossil-fuel reform
- Tracking fossil-fuel support in the context of the UN Sustainable Development Goals
- Enhancing the interpretation of tax expenditure data
- Methodology for a sequential approach in designing fossil-fuel subsidy reforms
- Acronyms and abbreviations
- 1 Tracking progress in reforming support for fossil fuels
- 1.1. Rising support for fossil-fuel production reverses five-year downward trend
- 1.1.1. Support for fossil-fuel production rose 30% in 2019
- European efforts to scale back the solid fossil-fuel industry continue
- 1.1.2. Inventory shows stable support for fossil-fuel use, but combined OECD-IEA numbers show a significant decline
- End-use electricity support is substantial and rising
- 1.1.3. The COVID-19 crisis and resulting oil price crash represent both a threat and an opportunity for reform
- The OECD supports and tracks COVID-19 recovery measures related to the environment
- 1.1.4. Production and transport sectors dominate support measures
- 1.1.5. Support is declining in a majority of EU Eastern Partnership countries, but remains high relative to GDP
- 1.1.6. A majority of countries provide ocean-related fossil-fuel support
- 1.2. Developments in tracking and monitoring fossil-fuel support
- 1.2.1. G20 peer reviews are generating lessons about good practice in reform of fossil-fuel subsidies
- "Scalable" lessons are emerging from G20 voluntary peer reviews
- Examples of good practice in reform: transitioning industry, "pro-poor" reform, fuel price liberalisation
- Building on progress to date.
- 1.2.2. Progress in measuring support for fossil fuels in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals
- 1.2.3. Enhancing the interpretation of tax expenditure data
- Enhancing interpretation of tax expenditure data to complement Inventory data and support national-level reporting on SDG Indicator 12.c.1
- References
- Notes
- 2 Designing reform of support for fossil fuels: a methodology for a robust sequential approach in OECD and G20 countries
- 2.1. Why a sequential approach to reform?
- 2.2. Four steps to assess government support measures and their reform
- 2.3. Identifying support measures, documenting their objectives and estimating their budgetary cost
- 2.3.1. Estimating the cost of direct spending and tax expenditures
- 2.3.2. Understanding the rationale for government support measures
- 2.4. Measuring the effects of support measures for fossil fuels and prioritising them for reform
- 2.4.1. Evaluating support to the upstream fossil-fuel sector: effective tax rate analysis
- 2.4.2. Other tools available to evaluate distortiveness in the upstream sector
- 2.4.3. Evaluating distortions from fossil-fuel support for industrial end-user sectors
- 2.4.4. Evaluating distortions resulting from fossil-fuel support to end-use consumption outside the industrial sector (residential, transportation, commercial)
- 2.4.5. Evaluating the incidence of fossil-fuel support
- 2.4.6. Prioritising fossil-fuel support measures for reform
- 2.5. Identifying and quantifying adverse effects that might hinder reform
- 2.5.1. Econometric studies using micro-data
- 2.5.2. Structural and computable general equilibrium models
- 2.6. Finding alternatives to subsidised activities
- 2.7. Conclusions
- References
- Notes
- Annex A. Methodological approach to tracking aspects of fossil fuel support.
- Isolating the output-based support to the electricity sector attributable to fossil fuels
- Breaking down fossil-fuel support data to economic sector beneficiaries
- Sector tagging mechanics for fossil-fuel support measures
- Identifying ocean-related government support for fossil fuels
- Search strategy
- References
- Notes.
