Statistics all-in-one
The odds-on best way to master stats. Statistics All-in-One For Dummies is packed with lessons, examples, and practice problems to help you slay your stats course. Develop confidence and understanding in statistics with easy-to-understand (even fun) explanations of key concepts. Plus, you'll ge...
| Other Authors: | |
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| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
Hoboken, New Jersey :
John Wiley & Sons, Inc
[2023]
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| Series: | --For dummies.
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| Subjects: | |
| See on Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009703317606719 |
Table of Contents:
- Intro
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Table of Contents
- Introduction
- About This Book
- Foolish Assumptions
- Icons Used in This Book
- Beyond the Book
- Where to Go from Here
- Unit 1 Getting Started with Statistics
- Chapter 1 The Statistics of Everyday Life
- Statistics and the Media: More Questions than Answers?
- Probing popcorn problems
- Venturing into viruses
- Comprehending crashes
- Mulling malpractice
- Belaboring the loss of land
- Scrutinizing schools
- Scanning sports
- Banking on business news
- Touring the travel news
- Surveying sexual stats
- Breaking down weather reports
- Using Statistics at Work
- Delivering babies - and information
- Posing for pictures
- Poking through pizza data
- Statistics in the office
- Chapter 2 Taking Control: So Many Numbers, So Little Time
- Detecting Errors, Exaggerations, and Just Plain Lies
- Checking the math
- Uncovering misleading statistics
- Breaking down statistical debates
- Untwisting tornado statistics
- Zeroing in on what the scale tells you
- Checking your sources
- Counting on sample size
- Considering cause and effect
- Finding what you want to find
- Looking for lies in all the right places
- Feeling the Impact of Misleading Statistics
- Chapter 3 Tools of the Trade
- Thriving in a Statistical World
- Statistics: More than Just Numbers
- Designing Appropriate Studies
- Surveys (Polls)
- Experiments
- Treatment group versus control group
- Placebo
- Blind and double-blind
- Collecting Quality Data
- Sample, random, or otherwise
- Bias
- Grabbing Some Basic Statistical Jargon
- Data
- Data set
- Variable
- Population
- Statistic
- Parameter
- Mean (Average)
- Median
- Standard deviation
- Percentile
- Standard score
- Distribution and normal distribution
- Central Limit Theorem
- z-values
- Margin of error.
- Confidence interval
- Hypothesis testing
- p-values
- Statistical significance
- Correlation, regression, and two-way tables
- Drawing Credible Conclusions
- Reeling in overstated results
- Questioning claims of cause and effect
- Becoming a Sleuth, Not a Skeptic
- Unit 2 Number-Crunching Basics
- Chapter 4 Crunching Categorical Data
- Summing Up Data with Descriptive Statistics
- Crunching Categorical Data: Tables and Percents
- Counting on the frequency
- Relating with percentages
- Two-way tables: Summarizing multiple measures
- Interpreting counts and percents with caution
- Practice Questions Answers and Explanations
- Whaddya Know? Chapter 4 Quiz
- Answers to Chapter 4 Quiz
- Chapter 5 Means, Medians, and More
- Measuring the Center with Mean and Median
- Averaging out to the mean
- Splitting your data down the median
- Comparing means and medians: Histograms
- Accounting for Variation
- Reporting the standard deviation
- Calculating standard deviation
- Interpreting standard deviation
- Understanding properties of standard deviation
- Lobbying for standard deviation
- Being out of range
- Examining the Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7)
- Measuring Relative Standing with Percentiles
- Calculating percentiles
- Interpreting percentiles
- Comparing household incomes
- Examining ACT Scores
- Gathering a five-number summary
- Exploring interquartile range
- Practice Questions Answers and Explanations
- Whaddya Know? Chapter 5 Quiz
- Answers to Chapter 5 Quiz
- Chapter 6 Getting the Picture: Graphing Categorical Data
- Take Another Little Piece of My Pie Chart
- Tallying personal expenses
- Bringing in a lotto revenue
- Ordering takeout
- Projecting age trends
- Raising the Bar on Bar Graphs
- Tracking transportation expenses
- Making a lotto profit
- Tipping the scales on a bar graph.
- Pondering pet peeves
- Practice Questions Answers and Explanations
- Whaddya Know? Chapter 6 Quiz
- Answers to Chapter 6 Quiz
- Chapter 7 Going by the Numbers: Graphing Numerical Data
- Handling Histograms
- Making a histogram
- An award-winning example
- Creating appropriate groups
- Handling borderline values
- Clarifying the axes
- Interpreting a histogram
- Checking out the shape of the data
- Measuring center: Mean versus median
- Viewing variability: Amount of spread around the mean
- Putting numbers with pictures
- Detecting misleading histograms
- Missing the mark with too few groups
- Watching the scale and start/finish lines
- Examining Boxplots
- Making a boxplot
- Interpreting a boxplot
- Checking the shape with caution!
- Measuring variability with IQR
- Picking out the center using the median
- Investigating Old Faithful's boxplot
- Denoting outliers
- Making mistakes when interpreting a boxplot
- Tackling Time Charts
- Interpreting time charts
- Understanding variability: Time charts versus histograms
- Spotting misleading time charts
- Watching the scale and start/end points
- Simplifying excess data
- Practice Questions Answers and Explanations
- Whaddya Know? Chapter 7 Quiz
- Answers to Chapter 7 Quiz
- Unit 3 Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem
- Chapter 8 Coming to Terms with Probability
- A Set Notation Overview
- Noting outcomes: Sample spaces
- Finite sample spaces
- Countably infinite sample spaces
- Uncountably infinite sample spaces
- Noting subsets of sample spaces: Events
- Noting a void in the set: Empty sets
- Putting sets together: Unions, intersections, and complements
- Unions
- Intersections
- Complements
- Probabilities of Events Involving A and/or B
- Probability notation
- Marginal probabilities
- Union probabilities
- Intersection (joint) probabilities.
- Complement probabilities
- Conditional probabilities
- Solving conditional probabilities without a formula
- Solving conditional probabilities with a formula
- Understanding and Applying the Rules of Probability
- The complement rule (for opposites, not for flattering a date)
- The multiplication rule (for intersections, not for rabbits)
- The addition rule (for unions of the nonmarital nature)
- Recognizing Independence in Multiple Events
- Checking independence for two events with the definition
- Using the multiplication rule for independent events
- Including Mutually Exclusive Events
- Recognizing mutually exclusive events
- Simplifying the addition rule with mutually exclusive events
- Distinguishing Independent from Mutually Exclusive Events
- Comparing and contrasting independence and exclusivity
- Checking for independence or exclusivity in a 52-card deck
- Avoiding Probability Misconceptions
- Predictions Using Probability
- Practice Questions Answers and Explanations
- Whaddya Know? Chapter 8 Quiz
- Answers to Chapter 8 Quiz
- Chapter 9 Random Variables and the Binomial Distribution
- Defining a Random Variable
- Discrete versus continuous
- Probability distributions
- The mean and variance of a discrete random variable
- Identifying a Binomial
- Checking binomial conditions step by step
- No fixed number of trials
- More than success or failure
- Trials are not independent
- Probability of success (p) changes
- Finding Binomial Probabilities Using a Formula
- Finding Probabilities Using the Binomial Table
- Finding probabilities for specific values of X
- Finding probabilities for X greater-than, less-than, or between two values
- Checking Out the Mean and Standard Deviation of the Binomial
- Practice Questions Answers and Explanations
- Whaddya Know? Chapter 9 Quiz
- Answers to Chapter 9 Quiz.
- Chapter 10 The Normal Distribution
- Exploring the Basics of the Normal Distribution
- Meeting the Standard Normal (Z-) Distribution
- Checking out Z
- Standardizing from X to Z
- Finding probabilities for Z with the Z-table
- Finding Probabilities for a Normal Distribution
- Knowing Where You Stand with Percentiles
- Finding X When You Know the Percent
- Figuring out a percentile for a normal distribution
- Doing a low percentile problem
- Working with a higher percentile
- Translating tricky wording in percentile problems
- Normal Approximation to the Binomial
- Practice Questions Answers and Explanations
- Whaddya Know? Chapter 10 Quiz
- Answers to Chapter 10 Quiz
- Chapter 11 The t-Distribution
- Basics of the t-Distribution
- Comparing the t- and Z-distributions
- Discovering the effect of variability on t-distributions
- Using the t-Table
- Finding probabilities with the t-table
- Figuring percentiles for the t-distribution
- Picking out t*-values for confidence intervals
- Studying Behavior Using the t-Table
- Practice Questions Answers and Explanations
- Whaddya Know? Chapter 11 Quiz
- Answers to Chapter 11 Quiz
- Chapter 12 Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem
- Defining a Sampling Distribution
- The Mean of a Sampling Distribution
- Measuring Standard Error
- Sample size and standard error
- Population standard deviation and standard error
- Looking at the Shape of a Sampling Distribution
- Case 1: The distribution of X is normal
- Case 2: The distribution of X is not normal - Enter the Central Limit Theorem
- Averaging a fair die is approximately normal
- Averaging an unfair die is still approximately normal
- Clarifying three major points about the Central Limit Theorem
- Finding Probabilities for the Sample Mean
- The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Proportion.
- Finding Probabilities for the Sample Proportion.
