Electrokinetic remediation for environmental security and sustainability

"This book will serve as a comprehensive reference on the subject of electrokinetic remediation (EKR) for the treatment of inorganic and organic contaminants in contaminated substrates. It highlights recent progress and developments in EKR as a technology for resource recovery, removal of pollu...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Otros Autores:	Prasad, M. N. V., 1953- editor (editor), Ribeiro, Alexandra B., editor
Formato:	Libro electrónico
Idioma:	Inglés
Publicado:	Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley [2021]
Materias:	Electrokinetic remediation. Sewage > Purification > Electrodialysis process. Soil remediation. Environmental protection.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:	https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009645677906719

Tabla de Contenidos:

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Contributors
Chapter 1 An Overview of the Modeling of Electrokinetic Remediation
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Reactive Transport
1.2.1 One‐Dimensional Electromigration Model
1.2.2 One‐Dimensional Electromigration and Electroosmosis Model
1.2.3 One‐Dimensional Electrodialytic Model
1.2.4 One‐Dimensional Electroremediation Model Using Nernst‐Planck‐Poisson
1.3 Chemical Equilibrium
1.4 Models for the Future
1.4.1 Combining Chemical Equilibrium and Chemical Reaction Kinetics
1.4.2 Multiscale Models
1.4.3 Two‐ and Three‐Dimensional Models
1.4.4 Multiphysics Modeling
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2 Basic Electrochemistry Tools in Environmental Applications
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Electrochemical Half‐Cells
2.1.2 Electrode Potential
2.1.3 Electrical Double Layer
2.1.4 Electrochemical Processes
2.1.4.1 Polarization (Overvoltage)
2.1.4.2 Slow Chemical Reactions
2.2 Basic Bioelectrochemistry and Applications
2.3 Industrial Electrochemistry and the Environment
2.3.1 Isolation and Purification of Important Metals
2.3.2 Production of Important Chemical Intermediates by Electrochemistry
2.4 Electrokinetic Phenomena
2.4.1 Electroosmosis in Bioremediation
2.5 Electrophoresis and Its Application in Bioremediation
2.6 Biosensors in Environmental Monitoring
2.6.1 What Are Biosensors?
2.6.2 Biosensors as Environmental Monitors
2.7 Electrochemical Systems as Energy Sources
2.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 Combined Use of Remediation Technologies with Electrokinetics
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Biological Processes
3.2.1 Electrobioremediation
3.2.2 Electro‐Phytoremediation
3.3 Permeable Reactive Barriers
3.4 Advanced Oxidation Processes.
3.4.1 Electrokinetics‐Enhanced In Situ Chemical Oxidation (EK‐ISCO)
3.4.2 Electro‐Fenton
3.5 In Situ Chemical Reduction (ISCR)
3.6 Challenges for Upscaling
3.7 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 4 The Electrokinetic Recovery of Tungsten and Removal of Arsenic from Mining Secondary Resources: The Case of the Panasqueira Mine
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Tungsten Mining Resources: The Panasqueira Mine
4.2.1 The Development of the Industry
4.2.2 Ore Extraction Processes
4.2.3 Potential Risks
4.3 The Circular Economy of Tungsten Mining Waste
4.3.1 Panasqueira Old Slimes vs. Current Slimes
4.3.2 Tungsten Recovery
4.3.3 Building Material-Related Applications
4.4 Social, Economic, and Environmental Impacts
4.5 Final Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5 Electrokinetic Remediation of Dredged Contaminated Sediments
5.1 Introduction
5.2 EKR Removal of Pollutants from Harbor Sediments
5.2.1 Pollutants and Removal Efficiencies
5.2.1.1 Metals
5.2.1.2 Organic Pollutants and Organometallic Pollutants
5.2.2 Influence of Experimental Settings and Sediment Properties on the Efficiency of EKR
5.2.2.1 Enhancement of EKR - Changes in Design
5.2.2.2 Enhancement of EKR - Chemical Agents and Surfactants
5.2.2.3 Sediment Characteristics
5.3 Case Studies of Enhancement Techniques
5.4 Evaluation of the Best Available EKR Practice
5.4.1 Energy Consumption
5.4.2 Environmental Impacts
5.5 Scaling Up EKR for Remediation of Polluted Harbor Sediments
5.5.1 Results and Comments
5.6 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 6 Pharmaceutically Active Compounds in Wastewater Treatment Plants: Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation as Onsite Treatment
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Emerging Organic Contaminants
6.1.2 Occurrence and Fate of EOCs
6.1.2.1 EOCs in WWTPs.
6.1.3 Water Challenges
6.1.4 Technologies for Wastewater Treatment - Electrochemical Process
6.2 Electrochemical Reactor for EOC Removal in WWTPs
6.2.1 Experimental Design
6.2.1.1 Analytical Methodology
6.2.2 Electrokinetic Reactor Operating in a Continuous Vertical Flow Mode
6.3 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 7 Rare Earth Elements: Overview, General Concepts, and Recovery Techniques, Including Electrodialytic Extraction
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Rare Earth Elements: Characterization, Applications, and Geo‐Dependence
7.1.2 REE Mining and Secondary Sources
7.1.3 REE Extraction and Recovery from Secondary Resources
7.2 Case Study
7.3 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 8 Hydrocarbon‐Contaminated Soil in Cold Climate Conditions: Electrokinetic‐Bioremediation Technology as a Remediation Strategy
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Hydrocarbon Contamination
8.1.2 Oil Spills in Arctic Environments
8.1.3 Remediation of Petroleum‐Contaminated Soil
8.1.3.1 Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR)
8.2 Case Study
8.2.1 Description of the Site
8.2.2 Soil Sampling
8.2.3 Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) Experiments
8.2.4 Analytical Procedures
8.2.4.1 Soil Characterization
8.3 Determination of Metals and Phosphorus
8.3.1 Results and Discussion
8.3.1.1 Soil Characteristics
8.3.1.2 EKR Experiments
8.4 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9 Electrochemical Migration of Oil and Oil Products in Soil
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Specific Nature of Soils Polluted by Oil and Its Products
9.3 Influence of Mineral Composition
9.4 Influence of Soil Dispersiveness
9.5 Influence of Physical Soil Properties
9.6 Influence of Physico‐Chemical Soil Properties
9.7 Influence of the Initial Water/Oil Ratio in a Soil.
9.8 Influence of the Oil Aging Process
9.9 Influence of Oil Composition
9.10 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 10 Nanostructured TiO2‐Based Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) Electrocatalysts: A Preliminary Feasibility Study in Electrodialytic Remediation with Hydrogen Recovery
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Electrokinetic Technologies: Electrodialytic Ex Situ Remediation
10.1.2 Nanostructured TiO2 Electrocatalysts Synthesized Through Electrochemical Methods
10.2 Case Study
10.2.1 Aim and Scope
10.2.2 Experimental
10.2.2.1 TiO2 Based Electrocatalyst Synthesis and Characterization
10.2.2.2 ED Experiments
10.2.3 Discussion
10.2.3.1 Blank Tests: Electrocatalysts Effectiveness toward HER
10.2.3.2 ED Remediation for Sustainable CRMs Recovery
10.3 Final Considerations
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 11 Hydrogen Recovery in Electrodialytic‐Based Technologies Applied to Environmental Contaminated Matrices
11.1 Scope
11.2 Technology Concept
11.2.1 Potential Secondary Resources
11.2.2 Electrodialytic Reactor
11.2.2.1 Electrodes
11.2.2.2 Ion‐Exchange Membranes
11.2.2.3 PEMFC System
11.3 Economic Assessment of PEMFC Coupled with Electroremediation
11.3.1 Scenario Analysis
11.3.2 Hydrogen Business Model Canvas
11.3.3 SWOT Analysis
11.4 Final Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 12 Electrokinetic‐Phytoremediation of Mixed Contaminants in Soil
12.1 Soil Contamination
12.2 Phytoremediation
12.3 Electroremediation
12.3.1 EK Process Coupled with Phytoremediation
12.3.2 EK‐Assisted Bioremediation in the Treatment of Inorganic Contaminants
12.3.3 EK‐Assisted Bioremediation in the Treatment of Organic Contaminants
12.4 Case Study of EK and Electrokinetic‐Assisted Phytoremediation
12.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References.
Chapter 13 Enhanced Electrokinetic Techniques in Soil Remediation for Removal of Heavy Metals
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Electrokinetic Mechanism and Phenomenon
13.3 Limitations of the Electrokinetic Remediation Process
13.4 Need for Enhancement in the Electrokinetic Remediation Process
13.5 Enhancement Techniques
13.5.1 Surface Modification
13.6 Cation‐Selective Membranes
13.7 Electro‐Bioremediation
13.8 Electro‐Geochemical Oxidation
13.9 Lasagna™ Process
13.10 Other Potential Processes
13.11 Summary
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 14 Assessment of Soil Fertility and Microbial Activity by Direct Impact of an Electrokinetic Process on Chromium‐Contaminated Soil
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Experimental Section
14.2.1 Soil Characteristics and Preparation of Contaminated Soil
14.2.2 Electrokinetic Tests, Experimental Setup, and Procedure
14.2.3 Testing Procedure
14.2.4 Extraction and Analytical Methods
14.2.5 Soil Nutrients
14.2.6 Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon Analysis
14.2.7 Quality Control and Quality Assurance
14.3 Results and Discussion
14.3.1 Electrokinetic Remediation of Chromium‐Contaminated Soil
14.3.1.1 Electrical Current Changes During the Electrokinetic Experiment
14.3.2 pH Distribution in Soil During and After the Electrokinetic Experiment
14.4 Removal of Cr
14.4.1 The Distribution of Total Cr and Its Electroosmotic Flow During the Electrokinetic Experiment
14.5 Effects of the Electrokinetic Process on Some Soil Properties
14.5.1 Soil Organic Carbon
14.5.2 Soil‐Available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, and Calcium
14.5.3 Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon
14.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Management of Clay Properties Based on Electrokinetic Nanotechnology
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Objects of the Study
15.3 Methods of the Study.
15.4 Results and Discussion.

Electrokinetic remediation for environmental security and sustainability

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