Testing statistical assumptions in research

Testing statistical assumptions in research

Comprehensively teaches the basics of testing statistical assumptions in research and the importance in doing so This book facilitates researchers in checking the assumptions of statistical tests used in their research by focusing on the importance of checking assumptions in using statistical method...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Otros Autores: Abdel-Salam, Abdel-Salam G., author (author)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley 2019.
Hoboken, NJ : 2019.
Edición:1st edition
Colección:THEi Wiley ebooks.
Materias:
SPSS (Computer file)
Statistical hypothesis testing.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009630637706719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Cover
  • Title Page
  • Copyright
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • About the Companion Website
  • Chapter 1 Importance of Assumptions in Using Statistical Techniques
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Data Types
  • 1.2.1 Nonmetric Data
  • 1.2.2 Metric Data
  • 1.3 Assumptions About Type of Data
  • 1.4 Statistical Decisions in Hypothesis Testing Experiments
  • 1.4.1 Type I and Type II Errors
  • 1.4.2 Understanding Power of Test
  • 1.4.3 Relationship Between Type I and Type II Errors
  • 1.4.4 One‐Tailed and Two‐Tailed Tests
  • 1.5 Sample Size in Research Studies
  • 1.6 Effect of Violating Assumptions
  • Exercises
  • Answers
  • Chapter 2 Introduction of SPSS and Segregation of Data
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Introduction to SPSS
  • 2.2.1 Data File Preparation
  • 2.2.2 Importing the Data Set from Excel
  • 2.3 Data Cleaning
  • 2.3.1 Interpreting Descriptive Statistics Output
  • 2.3.2 Interpreting Frequency Statistic Output
  • 2.4 Data Management
  • 2.4.1 Sorting Data
  • 2.4.1.1 Sort Cases
  • 2.4.1.2 Sort Variables
  • 2.4.2 Selecting Cases Using Condition
  • 2.4.2.1 Selecting Data of Males with Agree Response
  • 2.4.3 Drawing Random Sample of Cases
  • 2.4.4 Splitting File
  • 2.4.5 Computing Variable
  • Exercises
  • Answers
  • Chapter 3 Assumptions in Survey Studies
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Assumptions in Survey Research
  • 3.2.1 Data Cleaning
  • 3.2.2 About Instructions in Questionnaire
  • 3.2.3 Respondent's Willingness to Answer
  • 3.2.4 Receiving Correct Information
  • 3.2.5 Seriousness of the Respondents
  • 3.2.6 Prior Knowledge of the Respondents
  • 3.2.7 Clarity About Items in the Questionnaire
  • 3.2.8 Ensuring Survey Feedback
  • 3.2.9 Nonresponse Error
  • 3.3 Questionnaire's Reliability
  • 3.3.1 Temporal Stability
  • 3.3.1.1 Test-Retest Method
  • 3.3.2 Internal Consistency
  • 3.3.2.1 Split‐Half Test
  • 3.3.2.2 Kuder-Richardson Test.
  • 3.3.2.3 Cronbach's Alpha
  • Exercise
  • Answers
  • Chapter 4 Assumptions in Parametric Tests
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Common Assumptions in Parametric Tests
  • 4.2.1 Normality
  • 4.2.1.1 Testing Normality with SPSS
  • 4.2.1.2 What if the Normality Assumption Is Violated?
  • 4.2.1.3 Using Transformations for Normality
  • 4.2.2 Randomness
  • 4.2.2.1 Runs Test for Testing Randomness
  • 4.2.3 Outliers
  • 4.2.3.1 Identifying Outliers with SPSS
  • 4.2.4 Homogeneity of Variances
  • 4.2.4.1 Testing Homogeneity with Levene's Test
  • 4.2.5 Independence of Observations
  • 4.2.6 Linearity
  • 4.3 Assumptions in Hypothesis Testing Experiments
  • 4.3.1 Comparing Means with t‐Test
  • 4.3.2 One Sample t‐Test
  • 4.3.2.1 Testing Assumption of Randomness
  • 4.3.2.2 Testing Normality Assumption in t‐Test
  • 4.3.2.3 What if the Normality Assumption Is Violated?
  • 4.3.3 Sign Test
  • 4.3.4 Paired t‐Test
  • 4.3.4.1 Effect of Violating Normality Assumption in Paired t‐Test
  • 4.3.5 Rank Test
  • 4.3.6 Independent Two‐Sample t‐Test
  • 4.3.6.1 Two‐Sample t‐Test with SPSS and Testing Assumptions
  • 4.3.6.2 Effect of Violating Assumption of Homogeneity
  • 4.4 F‐test For Comparing Variability
  • 4.4.1 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
  • 4.4.2 ANOVA Assumptions
  • 4.4.2.1 Checking Assumptions Using SPSS
  • 4.4.3 One‐Way ANOVA Using SPSS
  • 4.4.4 What to Do if Assumption Violates?
  • 4.4.5 What if the Assumptions in ANOVA Are Violated?
  • 4.5 Correlation Analysis
  • 4.5.1 Karl Pearson's Coefficient of Correlation
  • 4.5.2 Testing Assumptions with SPSS
  • 4.5.2.1 Testing for Linearity
  • 4.5.3 Coefficient of Determination
  • 4.6 Regression Analysis
  • 4.6.1 Simple Linear Regression
  • 4.6.2 Assumptions in Linear Regression Analysis
  • 4.6.2.1 Testing Assumptions with SPSS
  • Exercises
  • Answers
  • Chapter 5 Assumptions in Nonparametric Tests
  • 5.1 Introduction.
  • 5.2 Common Assumptions in Nonparametric Tests
  • 5.2.1 Randomness
  • 5.2.2 Independence
  • 5.2.2.1 Testing Assumptions Using SPSS
  • 5.2.2.2 Runs Test for Randomness Using SPSS
  • 5.3 Chi‐square Tests
  • 5.3.1 Goodness‐of‐Fit Test
  • 5.3.1.1 Assumptions About Data
  • 5.3.1.2 Performing Chi‐square Goodness‐of‐Fit Test Using SPSS
  • 5.3.2 Testing for Independence
  • 5.3.2.1 Assumptions About Data
  • 5.3.2.2 Performing Chi‐square Test of Independence Using SPSS
  • 5.3.3 Testing for Homogeneity
  • 5.3.3.1 Assumptions About Data
  • 5.3.3.2 Performing Chi‐square Test of Homogeneity Using SPSS
  • 5.3.4 What to Do if Assumption Violates?
  • 5.4 Mann‐Whitney U Test
  • 5.4.1 Assumption About Data
  • 5.4.2 Mann‐Whitney Test Using SPSS
  • 5.4.3 What to Do if Assumption Violates?
  • 5.5 Kruskal‐Wallis Test
  • 5.5.1 Assumptions About Data
  • 5.5.2 Kruskal‐Wallis H Test Using SPSS
  • 5.5.3 Dealing with Data When Assumption Is Violated
  • 5.6 Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Test
  • 5.6.1 Assumptions About Data
  • 5.6.2 Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Test Using SPSS
  • 5.6.3 Remedy if Assumption Violates
  • Exercises
  • Answers
  • Chapter 6 Assumptions in Nonparametric Correlations
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Spearman Rank‐Order Correlation
  • 6.3 Biserial Correlation
  • 6.4 Tetrachoric Correlation
  • 6.4.1 Assumptions for Tetrachoric Correlation Coefficient
  • 6.4.1.1 Testing Significance
  • 6.5 Phi Coefficient (Φ)
  • 6.6 Assumptions About Data
  • 6.7 What if the Assumptions Are Violated?
  • Exercises
  • Answers
  • Appendix A Statistical Tables
  • Bibliography
  • Index
  • EULA.

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