Mobile sensors and context-aware computing
Mobile Sensors and Context-Aware Computing is a useful guide that explains how hardware, software, sensors, and operating systems converge to create a new generation of context-aware mobile applications. This cohesive guide to the mobile computing landscape demonstrates innovative mobile and sensor...
| Otros Autores: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Cambridge, Massachusetts :
Elsevier
2017.
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| Edición: | 1st edition |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009630347606719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover
- Mobile Sensors and Context-Aware Computing
- Copyright Page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Introduction
- Definition of Mobile Computing
- Constraints and the Challenges Faced by Mobile Computing Systems
- Resource Poor
- Less Secured/Reliable
- Intermittent Connectivity
- Energy Constrained
- Historical Perspectives and the Influences of Market
- Enhanced User Experience
- Improved Technology
- New Form Factors
- Increased Connectivity/Computing Options
- Market Trends and Growth Areas
- New Sensor Technology and Products
- Sensor Fusion
- New Application Areas
- References
- 2 Context-aware computing
- Context-Aware Computing
- Levels of Interactions for Context-Aware Infrastructure
- Ubiquitous Computing
- Challenges of Ubiquitous Computing
- Limitations of wireless discovery
- User interface adaptation
- Location-aware computing
- Context
- Computing Context
- Passive Versus Active Context
- Context-Aware Applications
- Location Awareness
- Location Sources in Mobile Phones
- GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System)
- Wireless Geo
- Sensors
- Localization Algorithms
- Angle of Arrival
- Time of Arrival
- Time Difference of Arrival
- Received Signal Strength
- References
- 3 Sensors and actuators
- Terminology Overview
- Sensor Ecosystem Overview
- Location-Based Sensors
- Accelerometer
- g-Force, axes, coordinate system
- Unit of measurement
- Gravity contribution, device behavior resting on a surface and free fall
- Case 1: Stationary car on a flat road
- Case 2: Object in free fall
- Case 3: Body moving downward
- Tilt sensitivity and accelerometer orientation
- The effect of tilt on accelerometer measurements
- One-axis tilt sensing
- Two-axis tilt sensing
- Case 1: Sensor position: Vertical
- Case 2: Sensor position: Horizontal.
- Three-axis tilt sensing
- Gyroscopes
- Mechanical gyroscopes
- Components of a gyroscope and axis of freedom
- Gyroscopes precession
- Proximity Sensor
- Workings of a inductive proximity sensor
- Workings of a capacitive proximity sensor
- Workings of a photoelectric proximity sensor
- Workings of a magnetic proximity sensor
- Pressure Sensor
- Workings of a pressure sensor
- Touch Sensors
- Touch sensors based on working principles
- Ultrasound/surface acoustic wave touch sensors
- Capacitive touch sensors
- Resistive touch sensors
- Biosensors
- ECG working principles
- Example heart rate estimation algorithm
- References
- 4 Sensor hubs
- Introduction to Sensor Hubs
- Dedicated Microcontroller Unit
- Application Processor-Based Sensor Hub
- Sensor-Based Hub With Micro Controller Unit
- FPGA-Based Sensor Hub
- Atmel SAM D20 Sensor Hub With Micro Controller Unit
- Cortex-M0+ Processor and Its Peripherals
- Device Service Unit
- Power Management Unit
- System Controller
- Watchdog Timer
- Real-Time Counter
- External Interrupt Controller
- Serial Communication Interface
- Intel Moorefield Platform (Application Processor-Based Sensor Hub)
- Integrated Sensor Hub
- Integrated sensor hub hardware architecture
- Integrated sensor hub power management
- Platform and sensor hub firmware architecture
- Supported sensors
- Security with integrated sensor hub
- STMicroelectronics Sensor-Based Hub With Micro Controller Unit (LIS331EB)
- Description of Blocks
- Cortex-M0 processor
- Accelerometer
- Sensing element
- State machine
- FIFO
- Bypass mode
- FIFO mode
- Stream mode
- Stream-to-FIFO mode
- Retrieving data from FIFO
- I2C interfaces
- I2C terminology/pin mapping
- LIS331EB as I2C slave to the application processor
- I2C to access accelerometer data
- I2C operation.
- Other components and peripherals
- Memory
- Timers and watchdogs
- Communication interfaces: I2C, UART, and SPI
- Debug
- References
- 5 Power management
- Introduction
- ACPI Power States
- ACPI Global Power States
- ACPI Sleep States
- ACPI Device Power States
- Power Management in Sensors, Smartphones, and Tablets
- Android Wakelock Architecture
- Windows Connected Standby
- Benefits and value
- What does connected standby do?
- Differences between connected standby and traditional Sleep and Hibernate
- Platform support
- Hardware-Autonomous Power Gating
- A few factors for sensor-specific autonomous power management
- Wake-up latency
- Break-even cycle
- Sensor usage
- Example of Power Management Architecture in Sensor
- Autonomous Power Management Architecture in Sensors
- Application-Based Power Management Architecture
- Concept of communication-based power management
- Timeout period
- Sleep duration
- Power Management Schemes
- Dynamic voltage scaling
- Dynamic power management
- Task-based power management
- Low power fixed priority scheduling
- Runtime voltage hopping (Sakurai)
- Adaptive power management system
- Power Management in a Typical Sensor Hub
- Example of Power Management in Atmel SAM G55G/SAM G55
- Main components of Atmel SAM G55G/SAM G55
- Supported sleep modes and wake mechanism
- Power management controller of Atmel SAM G55G/SAM G55
- Xtrinsic FXLC95000CL
- Power management modes of FXLC95000CL
- References
- 6 Software, firmware, and drivers
- Introduction to Software Components
- Windows Sensor Software Stack
- Sensor Driver Configuration
- Sensor Class Extension Implementation
- Sensor class extension notification management
- Sensor class extension power management
- Sensor States
- Sensor Fusion
- Android Sensor Software Stack
- Android Sensor Framework.
- Hardware Application Layer
- Android Sensor Types and Modes
- Android Sensor Fusion/Virtual Sensors
- Sensor Hub Software and Firmware Architecture
- Viper Kernel
- Sensor Drivers
- Sensor HAL
- Sensor Core
- Static data model
- Running thread model
- Sensor Client
- Protocol Interface
- Firmware and Application Loading Process
- Context-Aware Framework
- Power-Saving Firmware Architecture
- References
- 7 Sensor validation and hardware-software codesign
- Validation Strategies and Challenges
- Generic Validation Phases
- Design for Quality and Technical Readiness
- Presilicon Simulation
- Prototyping
- System Validation
- Analog Validation
- Compatibility Validation
- Software/Firmware Validation
- Product Qualification
- Silicon Debug
- Sensor Hub Presilicon Validation
- Monitor
- Checker
- Scoreboard
- Sequencer
- Driver
- Sensor Hub Prototyping
- QEMU (Quick Emulator)
- FPGA Platform
- Sensor Test Card Solutions
- Test Board With Physical Sensors
- Software Sensor Simulator
- Simulation manager
- Sensor simulator manager
- Sensor simulator
- Validation Strategies and Concepts
- Hardware-Software Codesign
- Validation Matrix and Feature-Based Validation
- References
- 8 Sensor calibration and manufacturing
- Motivation for Calibrating Sensors
- Supply-Chain Stakeholders
- Sensor Vendors
- System Designers
- System Manufacturer
- The Calibration Process
- Creating a System Model
- Analyzing Error Sources
- Designing the Calibration Process
- Dynamic Calibration
- Managing the Calibration Process and Equipment
- Single and Multiaxis Linear Calibration
- Sensor Limits and Nonlinearity
- Calibrating Sensors With Multiple Orthogonal Inputs
- Calibrating Color Sensors
- Reference
- 9 Sensor security and location privacy
- Introduction to Mobile Computing Security and Privacy.
- Sensor Security
- Types of Sensor Attacks
- Security of Sensor Data
- Basic encryption scheme
- Secret sharing scheme
- Partial decryption
- Sliding group watermark scheme
- Simplified sliding group watermark scheme
- Forward watermark chain
- Location Privacy
- Attack-Threat Types
- Preserving Location Privacy
- Challenges of preserving location privacy
- Architecture of privacy tools
- Mechanisms to preserve location privacy
- Location Privacy Preserving Methods
- k-Anonymity
- Extensions of k-anonymity
- Obfuscation
- Obfuscation by enlarging radius
- Obfuscation by shifting center
- Obfuscation by reducing radius
- Cloaking
- Cloaking architecture example
- Cloaking region generation basics
- Sample cloaking mechanisms
- References
- 10 Usability
- Need of Sensors in Mobile Computing
- OS Logo Requirements and Sensor Support
- Context- and Location-Based Services
- Sensor-Based Power Management
- Sensor management
- Communication protocols
- Sensor-based power management policies
- Sensor-Based User Interactions
- Simplifying the user-device interface for voice memo recording
- Detecting orientation of device
- Power management
- Human-Computer Interactions: Gesture Recognition
- Sensor Usages
- A Few Sensor Examples
- References
- 11 Sensor application areas
- Introduction to Sensor Applications
- Augmented Reality
- Hardware Components of Augmented Reality
- Augmented Reality Architecture
- Applications of Augmented Reality
- Sensor Fusion for Augmented Reality
- Depth Sensors in Augmented Reality
- Sensor Applications in the Automotive Industry
- Steering Torque Sensor
- Steering Angle Sensor
- Power Steering Motor Position Sensors
- Sensor Applications in Energy Harvesting
- Components of Energy Harvesting
- Net-Zero Energy Systems
- Medical Applications of Energy Harvesting.
- Sensor Applications in the Health Industry.
