Advances in concentrating solar thermal research and technology
After decades of research and development, concentrating solar thermal (CST) power plants (also known as concentrating solar power (CSP) and as Solar Thermal Electricity or STE systems) are now starting to be widely commercialized. Indeed, the IEA predicts that by 2050, with sufficient support over...
| Otros Autores: | , , |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Amsterdam, [Netherlands] :
Woodhead Publishing
2017.
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| Edición: | 1st edition |
| Colección: | Woodhead Publishing in energy.
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| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009630175106719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover
- Advances in Concentrating Solar Thermal Research and Technology
- Related titles
- Advances in Concentrating Solar Thermal Research and Technology
- Copyright
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Editors' biographies
- Acknowledgment
- 1 - Introduction
- 1 - Introduction to concentrating solar thermal (CST) technologies
- 1.1 The sun as an energy source
- 1.2 Defining characteristics of CST technologies
- 1.3 Thermal efficiency and the need for concentration
- 1.4 Limits of concentration
- 1.5 Optimum operating temperature to maximize light-to-work conversion efficiency
- 1.6 Main commercially available solar concentrating technologies
- 1.6.1 Line focus solar concentrators
- 1.6.1.1 Parabolic trough
- 1.6.1.2 Linear Fresnel
- 1.6.2 Point-focus solar concentrators
- 1.6.2.1 Parabolic dish
- 1.6.2.2 Heliostat field-central receiver
- 1.7 Industry and market trends
- 1.7.1 Solar thermal electricity
- 1.7.2 Industrial process heat
- 1.7.3 Solar chemistry and material processing
- 1.8 Research priorities, strategies, and trends
- References
- 2 - Advances in the collection and concentration of sunlight
- 2 - Advanced mirror concepts for concentrating solar thermal systems
- Nomenclature
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Anti-soiling coatings
- 2.3 High-reflective mirror materials
- 2.4 High-temperature mirrors for secondary concentrators
- 2.5 Low-cost mirrors based on stainless steel
- 2.6 Conclusions
- References
- 3 - Improved design for linear Fresnel reflector systems
- 3.1 Introduction (motivation)1
- 3.1.1 Low energy cost
- 3.1.2 Concentration
- 3.1.3 Etendue
- 3.1.4 CAP Concentration acceptance product [7]
- 3.1.5 Summary: one recipe for low-cost energy delivery
- 3.2 Advanced linear Fresnel reflector concentrators
- 3.2.1 Conventional LFR
- 3.2.2 Advanced concepts.
- 3.2.2.1 "Etendue" conservation
- 3.2.2.2 Toward maximal concentration
- 3.3 Conclusion
- References
- 3 - Advances in the thermal conversion of concentrated sunlight
- 4 - A new generation of absorber tubes for concentrating solar thermal (CST) systems
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Glass cover
- 4.2.1 Glass composition
- 4.2.2 AR coating
- 4.3 Steel tube
- 4.3.1 Steel composition and durability
- 4.3.2 Selective absorber
- 4.4 Vacuum maintenance
- 4.4.1 Glass to metal seal
- 4.4.2 Getters
- 4.4.3 Hydrogen-permeable membranes
- 4.4.4 Low partial pressure inert gases
- 4.4.5 Re-evacuable pipes
- 4.5 Bellows
- 4.6 Conclusion
- References
- 5 - Innovative working fluids for parabolic trough collectors
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Direct steam generation
- 5.2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of the DSG process versus thermal oil
- 5.2.2 Thermo-hydraulic aspects
- 5.2.3 State of the art of direct steam generation in parabolic trough collectors
- 5.3 Molten salts
- 5.3.1 Thermo-hydraulic aspects
- 5.3.2 State of the art of molten salt as heat transfer fluid in parabolic trough collectors
- 5.4 Compressed gases
- 5.4.1 Thermo-hydraulic aspects
- 5.4.2 State of the art of pressurized gases as heat transfer fluids in parabolic trough collectors
- 5.5 Conclusions
- References
- 6 - A new generation of solid particle and other high-performance receiver designs for concentrating solar thermal (CST) ce ...
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.1.1 Background
- 6.1.2 Technical challenges and requirements
- 6.1.3 Overview of chapter and introduction to next-generation receivers
- 6.2 Particle receivers1
- 6.2.1 Direct particle heating receivers
- 6.2.1.1 Free-falling particle receivers
- 6.2.1.2 Obstructed particle receivers
- 6.2.1.3 Rotating kiln/centrifugal receivers
- 6.2.1.4 Fluidized particle receivers.
- 6.2.2 Indirect particle heating receivers
- 6.2.2.1 Gravity-driven particle flow-through enclosures
- 6.2.2.2 Fluidized particle flow-through tubes
- 6.2.3 Summary of particle receiver technologies
- 6.3 Other high-performance receiver designs
- 6.3.1 Light-trapping receiver designs
- 6.3.1.1 Surface features
- 6.3.1.2 Spiky receiver
- 6.3.1.3 Bladed geometries
- 6.3.1.4 Fractal-like geometries
- 6.3.2 Air curtains
- 6.4 Summary and conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 7 - Next generation of liquid metal and other high-performance receiver designs for concentrating solar thermal (CST) central tower
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Thermophysical properties of liquid metals
- 7.3 Liquid metals in central receiver systems
- 7.3.1 Experience in central receiver systems
- 7.3.2 The CRS-SSPS project of the International Energy Agency
- 7.3.3 Other projects with liquid metals in solar receivers
- 7.4 Innovative power conversion cycles with liquid metals as heat transfer fluid
- 7.5 Conclusions and outlook
- References
- 4 - Advances in the power block and thermal storage systems
- 8 - Supercritical CO2 and other advanced power cycles for concentrating solar thermal (CST) systems
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Stand-alone cycles
- 8.2.1 Steam Rankine cycles
- 8.2.2 Gas Brayton cycles
- 8.2.2.1 Air Brayton cycle
- 8.2.2.2 Helium Brayton cycle
- 8.2.2.3 Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycles
- Simple cycle
- Recompression cycle
- Partial cooling cycle
- 8.2.3 Comparison of the presented cycles
- 8.3 Combined cycles
- 8.3.1 Organic Rankine cycle
- 8.3.2 Supercritical organic Rankine cycle
- 8.3.3 Absorption power cycles
- 8.3.3.1 Kalina cycle
- 8.3.3.2 Goswami cycle
- 8.4 Summary and conclusions
- References
- 9 - Advances in dry cooling for concentrating solar thermal (CST) power plants
- 9.1 Introduction.
- 9.2 Current cooling technologies for concentrating solar thermal power plants
- 9.2.1 Wet cooling towers
- 9.2.2 Dry cooling towers
- 9.3 Air-cooled heat exchanger and cooling tower sizing
- 9.3.1 Thermohydraulics of air-cooled heat exchanger
- 9.3.2 Mechanical draft cooling tower
- 9.3.3 Natural draft cooling tower
- 9.4 Advances in dry cooling technologies for concentrating solar thermal power plants
- 9.4.1 Solar hybrid natural draft dry cooling tower
- 9.4.2 Water hybrid cooling
- 9.4.2.1 Inlet air precooling with wet media
- 9.4.2.2 Inlet air precooling with nozzle spray
- 9.4.3 Windbreak wall hybrid natural draft dry cooling tower
- 9.4.3.1 CFD modeling
- 9.4.3.2 Experimental study
- 9.4.4 Advances in tower structure
- 9.5 Conclusions
- References
- 10 - High-temperature latent heat storage for concentrating solar thermal (CST) systems
- 10.1 General introduction
- 10.2 Introduction to latent heat storage
- 10.3 General challenges for concentrating solar thermal latent heat storage systems
- 10.3.1 Phase change material selection
- 10.3.2 Corrosion and containment compatibility
- 10.3.3 Latent heat storage sizing for a concentrating solar thermal power plant
- 10.3.4 Understanding charge/discharge characteristics
- 10.3.5 Exergetic efficiency
- 10.4 Latent heat storage configurations for concentrating solar thermal applications
- 10.4.1 Tank phase change material latent heat storage
- 10.4.1.1 Finned tubes
- 10.4.1.2 Heat pipe/thermosyphons
- 10.4.1.3 Particles and metal structures
- 10.4.1.4 Metal foams
- 10.4.2 Encapsulated phase change material latent heat storage
- 10.4.3 Heat transfer comparison between the tank phase change material latent heat storage-based and encapsulated phase change materialebased latent heat.
- 10.4.4 System integration of latent heat storage with concentrating solar thermal power plants
- 10.4.5 Large-scale demonstrations
- 10.5 Summary
- References
- 11 - Thermochemical energy storage for concentrating solar thermal (CST) systems
- 11.1 Introduction to thermochemical energy storage
- 11.1.1 Energy and exergy analysis for thermochemical energy storage systems
- 11.1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of thermochemical energy storage for CST systems
- 11.2 General challenges for CST thermochemical storage systems
- 11.2.1 Particle sintering
- 11.2.2 Catalyst poisoning
- 11.2.3 Side reactions
- 11.3 Power plant and chemical plant
- 11.3.1 Corrosion
- 11.3.2 High-temperature containment stability
- 11.3.3 Difficulties matching optimal rate of reaction with needs of power production
- 11.3.4 Lack of history of operational systems
- 11.4 Le Châtelier's principle and thermochemical energy storage
- 11.4.1 Metal oxides
- 11.4.2 Nonmetal oxides
- 11.4.3 Carbonation
- 11.4.4 Synthesis reactions
- 11.4.5 Metal hydrides
- 11.5 Conclusions
- References
- 12 - Thermal energy storage concepts for direct steam generation (DSG) solar plants
- Nomenclature
- 12.1 Introduction
- 12.2 Overview on direct steam generation solar plants
- 12.3 Basic considerations on thermal energy storage
- 12.3.1 Thermodynamics considerations
- 12.3.2 Relevant materials with thermal storage capabilities
- 12.3.2.1 Liquid materials
- 12.3.2.2 Solid materials
- 12.3.2.3 Phase change materials
- 12.3.3 Technical aspects in the design of thermal energy storage systems
- 12.4 Integration of thermal energy storage systems in direct steam generation solar plants
- 12.4.1 Operation of thermal energy storage in direct steam generation solar plants
- 12.4.2 Thermal energy storage systems based on sensible heat storage
- 12.4.2.1 Steam accumulators.
- 12.4.2.2 Two-tank molten salts thermal energy storage system.
