Biochemistry for nurses

Biochemistry for nurses

Biochemistry for Nurses has been designed considering the syllabi requirements laid down by The Indian Nursing Council and other premier institutes/universities. Book covers the most up-to-date developments in the area of Biochemistry and presents all the essential course information required for al...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Bhardwaj, Uma (-)
Otros Autores: Bhardwaj, Ravindra
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: New Delhi, India : Pearson 2011.
Edición:1st edition
Colección:Always Learning.
Materias:
Biochemistry.
Nursing > Study and teaching > India.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009629367406719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Cover
  • Contents
  • Preface
  • About the Authors
  • Chapter 1: Introduction: Composition and Function of Cell
  • 1.1 Introduction to and Importance of Biochemistry
  • 1.2 Structure, Composition and Function of Cell
  • 1.2.1 Cell Wall
  • 1.2.2 Bacterial Cell Wall
  • 1.2.3 The Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membrane
  • 1.2.4 Fimbrae and Pili
  • 1.2.5 Capsules and Slime Layers
  • 1.2.6 Flagellum (Singular)
  • 1.2.7 Cell Membrane
  • 1.2.8 Cytoplasm
  • 1.3 Cell Organelles
  • 1.3.1 Chloroplasts
  • 1.3.2 Vacuole
  • 1.3.3 Cytoskeleton
  • 1.3.4 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • 1.3.5 Golgi Apparatus
  • 1.3.6 Ribosomes
  • 1.3.7 Mitochondrion
  • 1.3.8 Lysosomes
  • 1.3.9 Peroxisome
  • 1.3.10 Centrioles
  • 1.3.11 Nucleus
  • 1.4 Cellular Organization: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell
  • 1.4.1 Prokaryotic Cells
  • 1.4.2 Eukaryotic Cells
  • 1.4.3 Similarities Between Prokaryotic Cell and a Eukaryotic Cell
  • 1.5 Microscopy
  • 1.5.1 Light Microscopy
  • 1.5.2 Bright Field Microscopy
  • 1.5.3 Dark Field Microscopy
  • 1.5.4 Phase Contrast Microscopy
  • 1.5.5 Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy
  • 1.5.6 Fluorescence Microscopy
  • 1.5.7 Electron Microscopy
  • Exercises
  • Multiple Choice Questions
  • Chapter 2: Structure and Functions of Cell Membrane
  • 2.1 Fluid-Mosaic Model
  • 2.2 Cytoskeleton and Cell-Cell Interaction
  • 2.3 Transport Mechanism Across Plasma Membrane
  • 2.3.1 Diffusion
  • 2.3.2 Osmosis
  • 2.3.3 Facilitated Diffusion
  • 2.3.4 Membrane Channels
  • 2.3.5 M embrane Transporters
  • 2.3.6 Active Transport: Na+-K+ Pump
  • 2.4 Acid-Base Balance: Blood pH, Buffering and Diagnosis
  • 2.4.1 Symptoms and Diagnosis
  • 2.5 Chemistry of Water, pH and Buffers
  • 2.5.1 Buffers
  • 2.5.2 Buffering Action
  • 2.6 Water Electrolyte Balance
  • Exercises
  • Multiple Choice Questions
  • Chapter 3: Composition and Metabolism of Carbohydrates.
  • 3.1 Introduction to Carbohydrates
  • 3.2 Classification of Carbohydrates
  • 3.2.1 Monosaccharides
  • 3.2.2 Disaccharides
  • 3.2.3 Oligosaccharides
  • 3.2.4 Polysaccharides
  • 3.3 Classification of Monosaccharides
  • 3.3.1 Monosaccharides Have Asymmetric Carbon Atom
  • 3.3.2 Enantiomer
  • 3.3.3 D and L Forms
  • 3.3.4 Epimers
  • 3.3.5 Cyclic Structure of Monosaccharide
  • 3.3.6 Pyranose and FuranoseRings
  • 3.3.7 α and β Anomers
  • 3.3.8 Isomerism
  • 3.3.9 Chemical Properties of Monosaccharide
  • 3.4 Disaccharides
  • 3.4.1 Sucrose
  • 3.4.2 Lactose
  • 3.4.3 Maltose
  • 3.5 Polysaccharides
  • 3.5.1 Storage Polysaccharides
  • 3.5.2 Structural Polysaccharides
  • 3.6 Oligosaccharides
  • 3.7 Qualitative Tests for Identification of Carbohydrates
  • 3.7.1 Identifying Reducing Sugars
  • 3.7.2 Benedict's Test
  • 3.7.3 Barfoed's Test
  • 3.7.4 Flowchart for Classifying an Unknown Carbohydrate
  • 3.8 Introduction to Carbohydrate Metabolism
  • 3.9 Glycolysis
  • 3.9.1 Reactions of Glycolysis Pathway
  • 3.9.2 Preparatory Phase of Glycolysis
  • 3.9.3 Fates of Pyruvate After Glycolysis
  • 3.9.4 Overall Process of Glycolysis
  • 3.9.5 Post-glycolytic Processes
  • 3.9.6 Anaerobic Respiration
  • 3.9.7 Aerobic Respiration
  • 3.10 Gluconeogenesis
  • 3.10.1 Pathway of Gluconeogenesis
  • 3.11 Cori Cycle
  • 3.12 Pentose Phosphate Pathway
  • 3.13 Citric Acid Cycle
  • 3.14 Glycogenesis
  • 3.14.1 Steps of Glycogenesis Pathway
  • 3.15 Glycogenolysis
  • 3.15.1 Function
  • 3.15.2 Clinical Significance
  • 3.15.3 Reaction
  • 3.15.4 Regulation
  • 3.16 Regulation of Blood Glucose: Glucose Utilization After a Meal
  • 3.16.1 Insulin
  • 3.16.2 Maintenance of Blood Glucose Between Meals
  • 3.16.3 The Glucagon
  • 3.16.4 Supply of Glucose to Exercising Muscle
  • 3.16.5 Glycogen Metabolism in Liver and Muscle
  • 3.16.6 Role of Glucose 6-phosphatase
  • 3.16.7 Conversion of Excess Glucose to Fat.
  • 3.17 Carbohydrate Metabolic Disorder and Diseases, Their Investigations
  • 3.17.1 Diabetes Mellitus
  • 3.17.2 Glycogen Storage Diseases
  • 3.17.3 Galactosemia
  • 3.17.4 Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
  • 3.17.5 Mucopolysaccharidoses
  • 3.17.6 Disorders of Pyruvate Metabolism
  • 3.18 Summary of Carbohydrate Metabolism
  • Exercises
  • Multiple Choice Questions
  • Chapter 4: Composition and Metabolism of Lipids
  • 4.1 Introduction
  • 4.1.1 Definitions
  • 4.2 Classification of Lipids
  • 4.2.1 Simple Lipids
  • 4.2.2 Compound Lipids
  • 4.2.3 Terpenoids and Steroids
  • 4.2.4 Derived Lipids
  • 4.3 Simple Lipids
  • 4.3.1 Structure of Triacylglycerides
  • 4.3.2 Fats
  • 4.3.3 Waxes
  • 4.4 Compound Lipids
  • 4.4.1 Basic Structure of Phospholipids
  • 4.4.2 Phospho lipid Structures
  • 4.4.3 Non-phosphorylated Lipids
  • 4.5 Terpenoids and Steroids
  • 4.5.1 Terpenes
  • 4.5.2 Steroids
  • 4.5.3 Animal Sterols
  • 4.5.4 Bile Acids
  • 4.6 Derived Lipids
  • 4.6.1 Fatty Acids
  • 4.6.2 Eicosanoids
  • 4.7 Qualitative Test of Lipids
  • 4.8 Metabolism of Fatty Acids
  • 4.8.1 Fatty Acids Transport into Mitochondria
  • 4.8.2 Fatty Acids Oxidation
  • 4.8.3 β-Oxidation of Saturated Fatty Acids
  • 4.9 Biosynthesis of Fatty Acids
  • 4.9.1 Difference Between Fatty Acid Synthesis and b-oxidation Pathways
  • 4.9.2 Digestion and Transport of Fatty Acids
  • 4.10 Cholesterol Metabolism
  • 4.10.1 Biosynthesis of Cholesterol
  • 4.10.2 Regulation of Cholesterol Biosynthesis
  • 4.10.3 Transport of Cholesterol
  • 4.10.4 Catabolism of Cholesterol
  • 4.11 Classification of Plasma Lipoproteins and the Systemic Pathway of Lipids
  • 4.12 Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerols
  • 4.12.1 Triacylglycerol Metabolism in the Intestines, Liver and Mammary Glands
  • 4.13 Metabolic Disorder of Lipids
  • Exercises
  • Multiple Choice Questions
  • Chapter 5: Composition and Metabolism of Amino Acids and Proteins.
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.1.1 Essential Amino Acids
  • 5.1.2 Non-essential Amino Acids
  • 5.2 Structure of Amino Acids
  • 5.3 Classification of Amino Acids
  • 5.4 Amino Acid Metabolism
  • 5.5 Biosynthesis of Non-essential Amino Acids
  • 5. 5.1 Glutamate and Aspartate
  • 5.5.2 Glucose-Alanine Cycle
  • 5.5.3 Cysteine Biosynthesis
  • 5.5.4 Tyrosine Biosynthesis
  • 5.5.5 Ornithine and Proline Biosynthesis
  • 5.5.6 Serine Biosynthesis
  • 5.5.7 Glycine Biosynthesis
  • 5.6 Amino Acid Catabolism
  • 5.6.1 Glutamine/Glutamate and Asparagine/Aspartate Catabolism
  • 5.6.2 Alanine Catabolism
  • 5.6.3 Arginine, Ornithine and Proline Catabolism
  • 5.6.4 Proline Catabolism is a Reversal of its Synthesis Process
  • 5.6.5 Serine Catabolism
  • 5.6.6 Threonine Catabolism
  • 5.6.7 Glycine Catabolism
  • 5.6.8 Cysteine Catabolism
  • 5.6.9 Methionine Catabolism
  • 5.6.10 Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Catabolism
  • 5.6.11 Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Catabolism
  • 5.6.12 Lysine Catabo lism
  • 5.6.13 Histidine Catabolism
  • 5.6.14 Tryptophan Catabolism
  • 5.7 Proteins
  • 5.7.1 Introduction to Proteins
  • 5.7.2 Importance of Proteins
  • 5.7.3 Structure of Proteins
  • 5.8 Protein Synthesis
  • 5.8.1 Preparing for Protein Synthesis
  • 5.8.2 Amino acid AMP Enzyme Complex + tRNA
  • 5.8.3 Initiation Step
  • 5.8.4 Elongation Step
  • 5.8.5 Termination
  • 5.9 Glycosylation of Proteins
  • 5.10 Protein Targeting
  • 5.11 Sequencing of Proteins
  • 5.11.1 Amino-terminal Sequence Determination
  • 5.11.2 Sanger's Reagent
  • 5.11.3 Dansyl Chloride
  • 5.11.4 Edman Degradation
  • 5.12 Denaturation Of Proteins
  • 5.12.1 Heat
  • 5.13 Precipitation of Proteins
  • 5.14 Protease Digestion
  • 5.15 Chemical Digestion of Proteins
  • 5.16 Chromatography
  • 5.16.1 Size Exclusion Chromatography
  • 5.16.2 Ion Exchange Chromatography
  • 5.16.3 Affinity Chromatography.
  • 5.16.4 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
  • 5.17 Electrophoresis of Proteins
  • 5.18 Nitrogenous Constituent of Urine
  • 5.18.1 Composition of Urine
  • 5.18.2 Urea
  • 5.18.3 Ammonia
  • 5.18.4 Uric Acid and Other Purines
  • 5.18.5 Creatinine and Creatine
  • 5.18.6 Amino Acids
  • 5.18.7 Hippuric Acid
  • 5.18.8 Allantoin
  • 5.18.9 Proteins
  • 5.18.10 Ketone Bodies
  • 5.19 Urea Cycle
  • 5.20 Porphyrins, Hemes, Haemoglobin, Blood and Plasma Proteins, and Chlorophylls
  • 5.20.1 Porphyrins
  • 5.20.2 Haemoglobin
  • 5.20.3 Blood and Plasma Proteins
  • 5.20.4 Chlorophylls
  • 5.21 Enzymes and Co-enzymes
  • 5.21.1 Enzymes and Their Nature
  • 5.21.2 Classification and Nomenclature
  • 5.21.3 Factors Affecting Enzyme Catalysis
  • 5.21.4 The Effects of Enzyme Inhibitors
  • 5.21.5 Theories (Mechanism) of Enzyme Catalysis (Action)
  • 5.21.6 Cofactors and Coenzymes
  • 5.21.7 Isoenzymes
  • Exercises
  • Multiple Choice Questions
  • Chapter 6: Vitamins
  • 6.1 Introduction to Vitamins
  • 6.1.1 History of Vitamins
  • 6.1.2 Classification of Vitamins
  • 6.1.3 List of Vitamins
  • 6.2 Fat-Soluble Vitamins
  • 6.2.1 Vitamin A
  • 6.2.2 Vitamin D
  • 6.2.3 Vitamin E
  • 6.2.4 Vitamin K
  • 6.3 Water-Soluble Vitamins
  • 6.3.1 Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
  • 6.3.2 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2 or Vitamin G)
  • 6.3.3 Niacin (Vitamin B3 or Vitamin Pp)
  • 6.3.4 Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)
  • 6.3.5 Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)
  • 6.3.6 Biotin (Vitamin B7 or Vitamin H)
  • 6.3.7 Folic Acid (Vitamin B9 or Vitamin M)
  • 6.3.8 Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
  • 6.3.9 Vitamin C or L-ascorbic Acid
  • 6.4 Minerals
  • 6.4.1 Source and Functions of Macro Minerals
  • 6.4.2 Source and Functions of Micro Minerals
  • 6.4.3 Macro Minerals
  • 6.4.4 Micronutrient or Trace Minerals
  • Exercises
  • Multiple Choice Questions
  • Chapter 7: Immunochemistry
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.1.1 Types of Immunity.
  • 7.2 Production of Antibodies.

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