Petroleum reservoir engineering practice
The Complete, Up-to-Date, Practical Guide to Modern Petroleum Reservoir Engineering This is a complete, up-to-date guide to the practice of petroleum reservoir engineering, written by one of the world’s most experienced professionals. Dr. Nnaemeka Ezekwe covers topics ranging from basic to advanced,...
| Otros Autores: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
[Place of publication not identified]
Prentice Hall
2011
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| Edición: | 1st edition |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009629084206719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- About the Author
- Chapter 1 Porosity of Reservoir Rocks
- 1.1 Introduction
- 1.2 Total Porosity and Effective Porosity
- 1.3 Sources of Porosity Data
- 1.3.1 Direct Methods for Measurement of Porosity
- 1.3.2 Indirect Methods for Derivation of Porosity
- 1.4 Applications of Porosity Data
- 1.4.1 Volumetric Calculation
- 1.4.2 Calculation of Fluid Saturations
- 1.4.3 Reservoir Characterization
- Nomenclature
- Abbreviations
- References
- General Reading
- Chapter 2 Permeability and Relative Permeability
- 2.1 Introduction
- 2.2 Sources of Permeability Data
- 2.2.1 Permeability from Core Samples
- 2.2.2 Permeability from Pressure Transient Tests
- 2.2.3 Permeability from Well Logs Based on Empirical Correlations
- 2.3 Relative Permeability
- 2.4 Sources of Relative Permeability Data
- 2.4.1 Laboratory Measurements of Relative Permeability Data
- 2.4.2 Estimations from Field Data
- 2.4.3 Empirical Correlations
- 2.5 Three-Phase Relative Permeability
- 2.6 Applications of Permeability and Relative Permeability Data
- Nomenclature
- Abbreviations
- References
- General Reading
- Chapter 3 Reservoir Fluid Saturations
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Determination of Water Saturations
- 3.2.1 Clean Sands
- 3.2.2 Shaly Sands
- 3.2.3 Carbonate Rocks
- 3.2.4 Water Saturations from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logs
- 3.2.5 Uncertainties in Estimation of Water Saturation
- 3.3 Determination of Reservoir Productive Intervals
- 3.3.1 Net Sands, Net Reservoir, and Net Pay
- Nomenclature
- Abbreviations
- References
- General Reading
- Chapter 4 Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) Properties of Reservoir Fluids
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Phase Diagrams
- 4.2.1 Single Component Systems
- 4.2.2 Binary Systems
- 4.2.3 Multicomponent Systems.
- 4.2.4 Retrograde Behavior of Gas-Condensate Systems
- 4.3 Gas and Gas-Condensate Properties
- 4.3.1 Ideal Gas Equation
- 4.3.2 Real Gas Equation
- 4.3.3 Gas Gravity
- 4.3.4 Reduced Temperature and Pressure
- 4.4 Pseudo-critical Properties of Gas Mixtures
- 4.4.1 Composition of Gas Mixtures Known
- 4.4.2 Correction for non-Hydrocarbon Gas Impurities
- 4.4.3 Composition of Gas Mixture Unknown
- 4.5 Wet Gas and Gas Condensate
- 4.5.1 Recombination Method
- 4.5.2 Correlation Method
- 4.6 Correlations for Gas Compressibility Factor
- 4.7 Gas Formation Volume Factor (FVF)
- 4.8 Gas Density
- 4.9 Gas Viscosity
- 4.10 Gas Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility
- 4.11 Correlations for Calculation of Oil PVT Properties
- 4.11.1 Bubble Point Pressure
- 4.11.2 Solution Gas-Oil Ratio (GOR)
- 4.11.3 Oil Formation Volume Factor (FVF)
- 4.11.4 Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Oil
- 4.11.5 Oil Viscosity
- 4.12 Correlations for Calculation of Water PVT Properties
- 4.12.1 Water Formation Volume Factor (FVF)
- 4.12.2 Density of Formation Water
- 4.12.3 Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Formation Water
- 4.12.4 Viscosity of Formation Water
- Nomenclature
- Subscripts
- References
- General Reading
- Chapter 5 Reservoir Fluid Sampling and PVT Laboratory MeasurementsChapter
- 5.1 Overview of Reservoir Fluid Sampling
- 5.2 Reservoir Type and State
- 5.2.1 Undersaturated Oil Reservoirs
- 5.2.2 Undersaturated Gas Condensate Reservoirs
- 5.2.3 Saturated Oil Reservoirs
- 5.2.4 Saturated Gas Condensate Reservoirs
- 5.3 Well Conditioning
- 5.4 Subsurface Sampling Methods and Tools
- 5.4.1 Conventional Bottomhole Samplers
- 5.4.2 Pistonned Bottomhole Samplers
- 5.4.3 Single-Phase Samplers
- 5.4.4 Exothermic Samplers
- 5.5 Wireline Formation Testers
- 5.5.1 Oil-Based Mud Contamination of WFT Samples.
- 5.5.2 Formation Pressures from WFT
- 5.5.3 Capillary Effects on WFT Formation Pressures
- 5.5.4 Effects of Supercharging on WFT Formation Pressures
- 5.5.5 Comments on Applications of WFT Pressure Data
- 5.6 PVT Laboratory Measurements
- 5.6.1 Fluid Composition
- 5.6.2 Constant Composition Expansion (CCE)
- 5.6.3 Differential Liberation (DL)
- 5.6.4 Constant Volume Depletion (CVD)
- 5.6.5 Separator Tests
- 5.6.6 Viscosity Measurements
- 5.7 Applications of Laboratory PVT Measurements
- 5.7.1 Calculation of Oil FVF and Solution GOR
- 5.7.2 Calculation of Gas Compressibility Factor, Gas FVF, and Total FVF
- 5.7.3 Calculation of Oil Compressibility Factor
- Nomenclature
- Subscripts
- Abbreviations
- References
- General Reading
- Appendix 5A: Typical Reservoir Fluid Study for a Black Oil Sample
- 5A.1 Reservoir Fluid Summary
- 5A.2 Calculated Analysis of Reservoir Fluid
- 5A.3 Pressure-Volume Properties at 212°F (Constant Composition Expansion)
- 5A.4 Differential Liberation at 212°F
- 5A.5 Gas Differentially Liberated at 212°F
- 5A.6 Viscosity Data at 212°F
- 5A.7 Comparison of Reservoir Oil Flash Liberation Tests
- Appendix 5B: Typical Reservoir Fluid Study for a Gas Condensate Sample
- 5B.1 Summary of Reservoir Data and Surface Sampling Conditions
- 5B.2 Chromatograph Analysis of Separator Gas at 1140 psig and 92°F
- 5B.3 Chromatograph Analysis of Separator Liquid at 1140 psig and 92°F
- 5B.4 Composition of Reservoir Fluid (Calculated)
- 5B.5 Measured Saturation Pressures from Stepwise Recombinations at 267°F
- 5B.6 Pressure-Volume Properties of Reservoir Fluid at 267°F (or CCE)
- 5B.7 Depletion Study at 267°F: Hydrocarbon Analyses of Produced Wellstream (Mole %)
- 5B.8 Retrograde Condensation During Gas Depletion at 267°F
- Chapter 6 PVT Properties Predictions from Equations of State.
- 6.1 Historical Introduction to Equations of State (EOS)
- 6.2 van der Waals (vdW) EOS
- 6.3 Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) EOS
- 6.4 Peng-Robinson (PR) EOS
- 6.5 Phase Equilibrium of Mixtures
- 6.6 Roots from Cubic EOS
- 6.7 Volume Translation
- 6.8 Two-Phase Flash Calculation
- 6.8.1 Generalized Procedure for Two-Phase Flash Calculations
- 6.9 Bubble Point and Dew Point Pressure Calculations
- 6.10 Characterization of Hydrocarbon Plus Fractions
- 6.11 Phase Equilibrium Predictions with Equations of State
- Nomenclature
- Subscripts
- Superscripts
- Abbreviations
- References
- Chapter 7 The General Material Balance Equation
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.2 Derivation of the General Material Balance Equation (GMBE)
- 7.2.1 Development of Terms in the Expression of Equation (7.1)
- 7.3 The GMBE for Gas Reservoirs
- 7.4 Discussion on the Application of the GMBE
- Nomenclature
- Subscripts
- Abbreviations
- References
- Chapter 8 Gas ReservoirsChapter
- 8.1 Introduction
- 8.2 Volumetric Gas Reservoirs
- 8.2.1 Volumetric Calculations for Dry Gas Reservoirs
- 8.2.2 Volumetric Calculations for Wet Gas and Retrograde Gas Condensate Reservoirs
- 8.2.3 Material Balance for Volumetric Dry Gas, Wet Gas, and Retrograde Gas Condensate Reservoirs
- 8.3 Gas Reservoirs with Water Influx
- 8.3.1 Volumetric Approach
- 8.3.2 Material Balance Approach
- 8.3.3 The Cole Plot
- 8.3.4 The Havlena-Odeh Straight Line Method
- 8.4 Water Influx Models
- 8.4.1 Fetkovich Aquifer Model
- 8.4.2 Carter-Tracy Aquifer Model
- 8.5 Geopressured Gas Reservoirs
- 8.5.1 The Ramagost and Farshad Method
- 8.5.2 The Roach Method
- 8.6 Case Histories of Two Gas Reservoirs
- 8.6.1 The Case History of Red Hawk Reservoir
- 8.6.2 The Case History of West Cameron 580 Reservoir
- Nomenclature
- Subscripts
- Abbreviations
- References
- General Reading.
- Appendix 8A: Correlations for Estimating Residual Gas Saturations for Gas Reservoirs under Water Influx
- Appendix 8B: Dimensionless Pressure for Finite and Infinite Aquifers
- Appendix 8C: Dimensionless Pressure for Finite and Infinite Aquifers
- Chapter 9 Oil Reservoirs
- 9.1 Introduction
- 9.2 Oil Reservoir Drive Mechanisms
- 9.3 Gravity Drainage Mechanism
- 9.4 Volumetric Undersaturated Oil Reservoirs
- 9.4.1 Volume Calculations Above Bubble Point Pressure
- 9.4.2 Volume Calculations Below Bubble Point Pressure
- 9.5 Undersaturated Oil Reservoirs with Water Influx
- 9.5.1 Volume Method
- 9.5.2 Material Balance Method
- 9.6 Volumetric Saturated Oil Reservoirs
- 9.6.1 Volume Method
- 9.6.2 Material Balance Method
- 9.7 Material Balance Approach for Saturated Oil Reservoirs with Water Influx
- 9.8 Case History of Manatee Reservoirs
- 9.8.1 Reservoir Geology
- 9.8.2 Rock and Fluid Properties
- 9.8.3 Reservoir Pressure and Production Data
- 9.8.4 Review Questions
- Nomenclature
- Subscripts
- Abbreviations
- References
- Chapter 10 Fluid Flow in Petroleum Reservoirs
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Fluid Types
- 10.2.1 Incompressible Fluids
- 10.2.2 Slightly Compressible Fluids
- 10.2.3 Compressible Fluids
- 10.3 Definition of Fluid Flow Regimes
- 10.3.1 Transient Flow
- 10.3.2 Pseudosteady-State (PSS) Flow
- 10.3.3 Steady-State (SS) Flow
- 10.4 Darcy Fluid Flow Equation
- 10.5 Radial Forms of the Darcy Equation
- 10.5.1 Steady-State Flow, Incompressible Fluids
- 10.5.2 Average Permeability of Parallel Beds
- 10.5.3 Average Permeability of Serial Concentric Segments
- 10.5.4 Pseudosteady State, Incompressible Fluids
- 10.5.5 Steady-State Flow, Compressible Fluids
- 10.6 Derivation of the Continuity Equation in Radial Form
- 10.7 Derivation of Radial Diffusivity Equation for Slightly Compressible Fluids.
- 10.8 Solutions of the Radial Diffusivity Equation for Slightly Compressible Fluids.
