Nanotechnology, environmental health and safety risks, regulation and management
Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety, Second Edition focuses not only on the impact of nanotechnology and the discipline of nanotoxicity, but also explains each of these disciplines through in the context of management requirements and via risk scenarios — providing an overview of regulati...
| Autor principal: | |
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| Otros Autores: | , |
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Oxford, [England] ; Waltham, [Massachusetts] :
Elsevier
2014.
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| Edición: | Second edition |
| Colección: | Micro & nano technologies.
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| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009628111806719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Front Cover
- Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- Foreword
- List of Contributors
- 1 PRECAUTION
- 1 Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety-What We've Learned and Where We're (Potentially) Heading
- References
- 2 What Are the Warning Signs That We Should Be Looking For?
- 2.1 Early warning signs
- 2.2 Cautionary tales, but is anyone listening?
- 2.3 Two steps forward and one step back? Or one step forward and two steps back?
- 2.3.1 Lessons 1-3: Heed the "warnings"
- 2.3.2 Lessons 4 and 11: Reduce obstacles to action
- 2.3.3 Lessons 5 and 8: Stay in the real world
- 2.3.4 Lessons 6 and 9: Consider wider issues
- 2.3.5 Lesson 7: Evaluate alternative solutions
- 2.3.6 Lesson 10: Maintain regulatory independence
- 2.3.7 Lesson 12: Avoid paralysis by analysis
- 2.4 But have we done enough?
- References
- 3 Are We Willing to Heed the Lessons of the Past? Nanomaterials and Australia's Asbestos Legacy
- 3.1 Introduction
- 3.2 Lessons of the past
- 3.3 Big problems with small materials
- 3.4 Controls and risk assessment
- 3.5 What needs to be done?
- 3.6 Answering the call for precaution?-SWA approach to ENMs post 2009
- 3.7 Emerging from the shadow: 2009 SWA report
- 3.8 A big shift: 2010-2012
- 3.9 A move toward higher levels of control
- 3.10 Conclusions
- Acknowledgment
- References
- 2 PROGRESS
- 4 Characterization of Nanomaterials for NanoEHS Studies
- 4.1 Introduction
- 4.2 Morphology
- 4.3 Chemical composition
- 4.4 Standard reference materials and method standards
- 4.5 Incidental nanoparticles and nanoparticle cycles under relevant conditions
- 4.6 Advanced measurement techniques
- 4.7 Routine analysis
- 4.8 Reporting recommendations
- 4.9 Conclusions
- References.
- 5 Toxicological Issues to Consider When Evaluating the Safety of Consumer Products Containing Nanomaterials
- 5.1 Introduction
- 5.2 Types of consumer products that contain nanomaterials
- 5.3 Life cycle exposure to nanomaterials in consumer products
- 5.3.1 Occupational exposure to nanomaterials
- 5.3.2 Consumer exposure to nanomaterials
- 5.3.3 Environmental exposure
- 5.4 Nanotoxicology
- 5.5 Safety evaluations of consumer products containing nanomaterials
- 5.6 Characterizing nanomaterials for toxicological evaluation
- 5.6.1 TEM and SEM
- 5.6.2 Energy dispersive spectroscopy
- 5.6.3 Atomic force microscopy
- 5.6.4 Electron diffraction
- 5.6.5 X-ray diffraction
- 5.6.6 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy
- 5.6.7 X-ray fluorescence
- 5.6.8 Dynamic light scattering
- 5.6.9 Nanoparticle tracking analysis
- 5.6.10 Field-flow fractionation
- 5.6.11 Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET)
- 5.6.12 Raman and other spectroscopies
- 5.6.13 Summary of characterizing nanomaterials for toxicological studies
- 5.7 Recommendations for companies developing nano-containing consumer products
- 5.8 Conclusion
- References
- 6 Nanomaterials Ecotoxicology: A Case Study with Nanosilver
- 6.1 Introduction
- 6.2 Importance of comprehensive assessment of in-use applications
- 6.2.1 Incorporation into applications
- 6.3 General ecotoxicology
- 6.3.1 Toxicity
- 6.3.2 Bioaccumulation
- 6.3.3 Mechanism/mode of toxicity (MoA)
- 6.4 Environmental modifying factors
- 6.5 Dosimetry considerations
- 6.5.1 Mass standard
- 6.5.2 Particle size and shape
- 6.5.3 Particle number and number density
- 6.5.4 Total surface area
- 6.5.5 Dissolved fraction and kinetics
- 6.5.6 Corrected molar concentrations
- 6.5.7 Covariance between metrics and dose-response visualizations
- 6.6 Ecotoxicology related to modeled environmental concentrations.
- 6.7 Conclusions and applicability of nanosilver to general nanotoxicology
- References
- 7 A Nanomaterial Registry
- 7.1 Introduction
- 7.1.1 Mission
- 7.1.2 Overview of the current Registry tool
- 7.2 Registry concepts
- 7.2.1 Data content: MIANs
- 7.2.2 Data content: IOC
- 7.2.3 Data quality: compliance to the MIAN
- 7.3 Data curation
- 7.3.1 Example of data curation: assigning IOCs
- 7.3.2 Example of data curation: PCC data
- 7.4 Leveraging initiatives in nanotechnology
- 7.5 Conclusions
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 8 Nanoinformatics: Data-Driven Materials Design for Health and Environmental Needs
- 8.1 Overview
- 8.2 Introduction-the information challenge
- 8.3 Quantifying information complexity in nanoscience
- 8.4 Harnessing nanoinformatics: case studies
- 8.4.1 Data-driven design of nanoparticles: attribute selection methods
- 8.4.2 A data science framework for exploring beyond physics: mapping the property landscape with limited information
- 8.5 Big data for nanotechnology policy
- References
- 3 PERSPECTIVES
- 9 A Case Study of a Nanoscale-Research Facility: Safety Through Design and Operation
- 9.1 The BNC facility
- 9.2 Safety considerations
- 9.3 Designing in safety
- 9.4 Identification of hazard potentials in the BNC
- 9.5 Designing in safety-key examples
- 9.6 Gas hazard mitigation design
- 9.7 Summary
- 10 Commercialization of Cellulose Nanocrystal (NCC™) Production: A Business Case Focusing on the Importance of Proactive EH ...
- 10.1 Introduction
- 10.2 Regulatory framework in Canada
- 10.3 Physical-chemical characterization of NCC™
- 10.3.1 Characterization of NCC™ in aqueous solutions
- 10.3.2 Characterization of spray-dried NCC™
- 10.4 Ecotoxicological and toxicological test results for NCC™
- 10.5 Occupational and environmental testing at the NCC™ demonstration plant.
- 10.5.1 Testing of spray-dried NCC™ in the laboratory
- 10.5.2 Testing for potential occupational exposure to NCC™ at the CelluForce demonstration plant
- 10.5.3 Fate of NCC™ released to the effluent treatment system
- 10.6 Conclusions
- References
- 11 Nanotechnology Risk Management: An Insurance Industry Perspective
- 11.1 Introduction
- 11.2 Risk management strategies
- 11.2.1 Risk avoidance
- 11.2.2 Risk mitigation
- 11.2.3 Risk retention (self-insurance)
- 11.2.4 Risk transfer (insurance)
- 11.3 Which strategy to choose?
- 11.3.1 The role of insurance
- 11.3.2 Relationship between insurance and innovation
- 11.4 Insurance exposure and tools for risk management
- 11.4.1 Product liability
- 11.4.2 Environmental liability
- 11.4.3 Selecting the "Best" nanotechnology risk management option: MCDA as a tool
- 11.5 Potential risk management and regulatory issues for nanomaterials
- 11.6 Likely insurance scenarios
- 11.6.1 Stage I: The early study phase
- 11.6.2 Stage II: The fear phase
- 11.6.3 Stage III: The mature phase
- 11.7 Conclusions
- References
- 12 A Nanotechnology Legal Framework
- 12.1 Nano-product legal life cycle
- 12.1.1 Supply stage
- 12.1.2 Manufacturing stage
- 12.1.3 Intermediate use stage
- 12.1.4 Consumer stage
- 12.1.5 Disposal stage
- 12.2 Legal issues
- 12.2.1 Intellectual property
- 12.2.2 Workplace and occupational liability
- 12.2.3 Worker's compensation
- 12.2.4 Intentional workplace torts
- 12.2.5 Commercial and contractual liability
- 12.2.6 Government regulation
- 12.2.7 Product and tort liability in the US
- 12.2.8 Product and tort liability in the EU
- 12.3 Conclusion
- References
- 13 Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: Shaping the Nanotechnologies Landscape Through Regulatory Choice
- 13.1 Shaping behavior through regulation: subtle and not so subtle approaches.
- 13.1.1 State-based regulation
- 13.1.2 Civil-based regulation
- 13.1.3 Co-regulation
- 13.2 Key lessons and recommendations of regulatory reviews to date
- 13.3 Multilateral and multiparty initiatives: the story so far
- 13.4 Moving forward amidst uncertainty
- References
- 4 SUSTAINABILITY
- 14 Exploring Boundaries Around the Safe Use of Advanced Materials: A Prospective Product-Based Case Studies Approach
- 14.1 Introduction
- 14.2 Defining advanced materials
- 14.3 Advanced material risks and safe use-a prospective product-based case study approach
- 14.4 Testing the prospective product case study methodology-an example using a hypothetical dynamic food product label
- 14.5 A prospective product case study-a graphene-based dynamic labels for food products
- 14.5.1 Product description
- 14.5.2 Material generation
- 14.5.3 Intermediary production
- 14.5.4 Final production
- 14.5.5 Product storage and transportation
- 14.5.6 Product use
- 14.5.7 Product disposal
- 14.5.8 Exposure potential
- 14.5.9 Risk red flags
- 14.5.10 Summary
- 14.6 Utility of the prospective product case study methodology
- Acknowledgments
- References
- 15 Nanomaterial Governance, Planetary Health, and the Sustainocene Transition
- 15.1 Introduction
- 15.2 Nanotechnology safety in global context
- 15.3 Regulatory uncertainty and nano-sunscreens
- 15.4 Regulatory uncertainty and nanosilver
- 15.5 Paths to greater nanoregulatory certainty
- 15.6 Reorienting global regulation so nanotechnology assists the Sustainocene
- 15.7 Reorienting the scientific quest toward nanotechnology's role with the Sustainocene
- 15.8 Rethinking the ethics of corporate globalization
- 15.9 Reorienting international law to nanotechnology's role with the Sustainocene
- 15.10 The moral culmination of nanoregulation in globalized artificial photosynthesis.
- References.
