Ethics theory and practice
Ethics is a part of philosophy that is concerned with living well and choosing the right course of action. The choice of the course of action is based on moral reasoning and there is no single moral theory on which we can base the choices that we make. The application of moral standards in life is a...
| Autor principal: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
New Delhi, India :
Pearson
2009.
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| Edición: | 1st edition |
| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009628024206719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Cover
- Contents
- Preface
- Foreword
- Chapter 1: Morality and Moral Reasoning
- The Nature of Moral Statements
- The Place of Reason in Ethics
- Personal and Social Ethics
- The Nature and Function of Applied Ethics
- Moral reasoning
- Moral principles and rules
- Moral judgments
- Moral arguments
- Applying Ethical Theories
- References
- Chapter 2: A Critical Survey of Indian Ethics
- Purusarthas or Cardinal Values
- Dharma or righteousness
- Artha or wealth
- Kama or desire
- Moksha or liberation
- Varna system or social gradation
- Asrama System or the Stages of Life
- Critical Evaluation
- Untouchability and priest-craft
- Concluding Remarks
- Yama and Niyama
- Yama
- 1. Ahimsa or non-violence
- 2. Satya or truth
- 3. Asteya or non-stealing
- 4. Brahmacharya or continence
- 5. Aparigraha or non-coveting
- Niyama
- 1. Saucha or purity
- 2. Santosa or contentment
- 3. Tapas or austerity
- 4. Svadhyaya or study of the self
- 5. Isvara pranidhan or devotion to god
- Critical Evaluation
- The Gita Concept of Niskama Karma
- Niskama karma or action devoid of desire
- Critical Evaluation
- Charvaka Ethics
- Critical Evaluation
- Concluding Remarks
- Gandhian Ethics
- Gandhi's Concept of Non-violence
- Satyagraha or Non-violent Direct Action
- Satyagraha and passive resistance
- Salient features of satyagraha
- Constructive programme
- Gandhi's method of conflict resolution
- Strategies and techniques of satyagraha
- Critical Evaluation
- Gandhi's Vision of Ideal World Social Order
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 3: A Critical Survey of Western Moral Theories
- Nicomachean Ethics
- The three-fold nature of human beings
- Happiness as the supreme good
- Intellectual and moral virtues
- Definition of virtue
- Virtue as a mean between two extremes.
- The relation between soul and virtue
- Freedom of the will
- Cardinal virtues
- Critical evaluation
- Cultural Relativism
- Critical evaluation
- Ethical Subjectivism
- The theory of emotivism
- Critical evaluation
- Is Morality Based on Religion?
- The Divine Command Theory
- Critical evaluation
- The theory of natural law
- Critical evaluation
- Psychological Egoism
- Ethical Egoism
- Critical evaluation
- Butler's Theory of Conscience and Self-love
- The nature of virtue and vice
- The supremacy of conscience
- Self-love and benevolence
- Critical evaluation
- Concluding remarks
- Utilitarian Theory of Morality
- Critical evaluation
- Kant's Theory of Morality
- Critical evaluation
- The Social Contract Theory of Morality
- Critical evaluation
- Concluding remarks
- References
- Chapter 4: The Justification of Civil Disobedience
- Political Obligation
- Socrates and the problem of political obligation
- Social contract theory and the problem of political obligation
- The conflict between legal and moral obligations
- The Nature and Content of Civil Disobedience
- The appeal to conscience
- Justification of civil disobedience
- Critical evaluation
- When is a law really a law?
- How is civil disobedience different from other kinds of law breaking?
- Is the citizen under an obligation to obey the unjust laws of the state?
- Is civil disobedience a legitimate act?
- Does civil disobedience provide basis for anarchy?
- Is prosecution necessary against a civil disobedient?
- Concluding remarks
- What is the Extent of Political Obligation?
- Is civil disobedience in a democratic state justifiable?
- References
- Chapter 5: Preferential Treatment and Moral Justification
- The Nature and Content of Preferential Treatment
- Preferential treatment and reverse discrimination.
- Preferential treatment and compensatory justice
- Utilitarian approach
- Controversies about Preferential Treatment
- Arguments in favour of preferential treatment
- Arguments against preferential treatment
- Critical Evaluation
- Justification of Preferential Treatment
- The Consequences of Past Discrimination
- Does preferential treatment involve unjust treatment to members of non-preferred groups?
- The deficiencies involved in preferential treatment
- Preferential treatment and the problem of creamy layer
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 6: The Need for Environmental Ethics
- Man-Nature Relation
- The impact of Judeo-Christian tradition
- Paganism and Christianity
- The Impact of Age of Reason
- The Impact of Technology
- The Impact of Darwinism
- Anthropocentric morality
- Non-anthropocentric morality
- The Land Ethic
- Deep Ecology
- Biocentric equality
- The basic principles of deep ecology
- The Value of Wilderness
- Duty to future generations
- The Need for Environmental Ethics
- Critical Evaluation
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 7: The Justification of Capital Punishment
- Crime and Punishment
- The Nature of Punishment
- How is the State Justified in Inflicting Penalties on Criminals?
- Theories of Punishment
- Retributive theory of punishment
- How does Kant justify capital punishment?
- What does it mean to treat people as rational beings?
- How are rational beings responsible for their actions?
- Utilitarian Theory of Punishment
- On what grounds utilitarianism justifies punishment?
- How does utilitarianism justify capital punishment?
- Controversies on Capital Punishment
- Arguments in favour of capital punishment
- Arguments against capital punishment
- Critical Evaluation.
- Can a murderer, who has taken away the 'right to life' of the victim, claim his own 'right to life'? is it not a moral contradiction to make such a claim for his own right to life?
- Is death penalty primitive, uncivilized, cruel and revengeful act?
- Does the death penalty actually deter other potential criminals from committing serious crimes?
- Are the laws of punishment and distribution of punishmentone and the same? Are they not two different aspects of punishment?
- Is the life of a murderer more sacred, worthy and valuable than the life of a victim?
- Is the death penalty justifiable for all crimes of homicide? What are its limitations?
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 8: The Problem of Abortion
- Why Pregnant Women Seek Abortions?
- Biological Development of the Foetus
- Ethical Acceptability of Abortion
- Conservative view of abortion
- Liberal view of abortion
- Moderate view of abortion
- The Moral Status of the Foetus
- What is a Person? what Characteristics Entitle a Being to be Considered as a Person?
- Arguments in Support of Abortion
- Arguments Against Abortion
- What is a Moral Community?
- The Hindu View of Abortion
- The Christian View of Abortion
- The Catholic View of Abortion
- The Protestant View of abortion
- The Jewish View of Abortion
- The Muslim View of Abortion
- The Law on Abortion-United States Supreme Court Ruling
- The Indian Law on Abortion
- The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971
- Critical evaluation
- Argument from the doctrine of ensoulment
- Argument from the theory of human genetic code
- Argument from the sanctity of human life
- Argument from the potentiality of the foetus
- The argument from promise
- Argument from the rights of women
- Justification of Abortion
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 9: The Justification of Voluntary Euthanasia.
- What Does Euthanasia Mean?
- Types of Euthanasia
- Ethical Acceptability of Euthanasia
- Intentional and Unintentional Termination of Life
- The Controversy Over AMA. Statement
- Reasons Shown in Support of Euthanasia
- Reasons Shown Against Euthanasia
- Critical Evaluation
- Arguments Against Euthanasia
- The problem of meaningful consent
- Is it reasonable to argue that expressions of written consent made long before ought not be given much importance in cases of terminally ill patients?
- The argument from nature
- Does a terminally ill patient have an inclination to prolong his life?
- The argument from self-interest
- The argument from practical effects
- The argument from reason
- Is not the artificial prolongation of the life of a terminally ill patient 'playing god'?
- If human life is the gift of god, why does god insist upon his gift being kept forever regardless of its bad consequences to the recipient?
- Does the sixth commandment prohibit all forms of killing?
- The argument from the 'Wedge Principle'
- Does legislation of euthanasia obviously lead to undesirable consequences?
- Arguments in Support of Euthanasia
- The argument from mercy
- The argument from the Golden Rule
- The argument from respect to individual autonomy and rights
- The argument from quality of life
- Is it morally permissible to terminate the life of a person in acute pain and suffering for the sake of relieving him from agony?
- Concluding Remarks
- References
- Chapter 10: Gender Discrimination and Unequal Treatment of Women
- What is Gender Discrimination?
- What Does Equality Mean?
- What Does Equality between the Sexes Mean?
- What Factors are Restricting Women in the Participation of Various Activities of Social Life?
- 1. Traditional thinking and social conditioning
- 2. Socialization of children.
- 3. Restrictions on social mobility and differential treatment.
