Assessment of exposure-response functions for rocket-emission toxicants

Assessment of exposure-response functions for rocket-emission toxicants

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Corporativo: National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Rocket-Emission Toxicants (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1998.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Rockets (Aeronautics) > Fuel > Toxicology.
Toxicology > Dose-response relationship.
Hydrogen chloride > Toxicology.
Nitrogen dioxide > Toxicology.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009622324906719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Assessment of Exposure-Response Functions for Rocket-Emission Toxicants
  • Copyright
  • OTHER REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY
  • OTHER REPORTS OF THE COMMITTEE ON TOXICOLOGY
  • PREFACE
  • Contents
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • SUMMARY
  • DESCRIPTION OF THE LATRA MODEL
  • THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • TOXICOLOGICAL DATA BASE
  • IDENTIFICATION OF SENSITIVE SUBGROUPS
  • DEFINITION OF SEVERITY OF EFFECTS
  • STRUCTURE OF THE LATRA-ERF MODEL
  • 1 INTRODUCTION
  • DEVELOPMENT OF LATRA
  • ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT
  • 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE LAUNCH AREA TOXIC RISK ANALYSIS (LATRA) MODEL
  • TOXICITY OF ROCKET EMISSIONS
  • IDENTIFICATION OF SENSITIVE POPULATIONS
  • DEFINITION OF SEVERITY OF EFFECTS
  • SELECTION OF THE EXPOSURE-RESPONSE MODEL AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
  • QUANTIFICATION OF THE EXPOSURE-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS
  • REPRESENTATION OF UNCERTAINTIES
  • 3 SUBPOPULATIONS SENSITIVE TO AIR CONTAMINATION
  • LITERATURE REVIEW FOR SENSITIVE SUBPOPULATIONS
  • CHEMICAL-SPECIFIC VARIATION IN HUMAN SENSITIVITY
  • HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
  • NITROGEN DIOXIDE
  • NITRIC ACID
  • OZONE
  • SULFUR DIOXIDE
  • LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING STUDIES
  • COMMON RISK-ASSESSMENT PRACTICES FOR SENSITIVE SUBPOPULATIONS
  • DEFINING SENSITIVE POPULATIONS
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • DEFINING SENSITIVE SUBGROUPS
  • QUANTIFYING THE DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE IN SENSITIVITY BETWEEN SENSITIVE AND NORMAL SUBGROUPS
  • 4 EFFECT SEVERITY
  • PRECEDENT FOR SEVERITY DESCRIPTORS
  • SEVERITY OF EFFECT IN TOXICOLOGY
  • EPA DEFINITION OF ADVERSE EFFECTS
  • AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY DEFINITION OF ADVERSE EFFECTS
  • LATRA'S USE OF THE TERM ''SEVERITY
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 5 EVALUATION OF THE LATRA EXPOSURE-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS
  • THE LATRA-ERF MODEL
  • SELECTION OF INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
  • CHOICE OF EXPOSURE-RESPONSE MODEL
  • SENSITIVE SUBGROUPS.
  • SEVERITY OF EFFECTS
  • EXPOSURE-RESPONSE VALUES
  • REPRESENTATION OF UNCERTAINTIES
  • OTHER FEATURES OF LATRA
  • ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
  • GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DOSE-RESPONSE MODELS
  • ORDINAL REGRESSION
  • MAXIMUM ENTROPY INFERENCE
  • HAZARD-QUOTIENT-HAZARD-INDEX APPROACH
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • SELECTION OF THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
  • CHOICE AND QUANTIFICATION OF EXPOSURE-RESPONSE MODEL
  • SENSITIVE SUBGROUPS
  • SEVERITY OF EFFECTS
  • REPRESENTATION AND PROPAGATION OF UNCERTAINTIES
  • OTHER FEATURES OF LATRA
  • 6 EXPOSURE-RESPONSE FUNCTIONS FOR ROCKET-EMISSION TOXICANTS
  • NITRIC ACID
  • HEALTHY ADULTS
  • SENSITIVE SUBJECTS
  • HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
  • MORTALITY
  • CORNEAL OPACITY
  • DOSE-RESPONSE FOR MILD, MODERATE, AND SERIOUS EFFECTS
  • NITROGEN DIOXIDE
  • MORTALITY
  • AIRWAY RESPONSIVENESS IN HUMANS
  • CONTINUOUS (NONQUANTAL) MEASUREMENTS
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix A AIR FORCE EXPOSURE LIMITS FOR ROCKET EMISSIONS
  • ROCKET EMISSIONS
  • DEFINITIONS OF TIER LIMITS
  • COMPARISON OF REWG TIER RECOMMENDATIONS AND LATRA ERFS
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix B DEFINITIONS OF CURRENT EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix C AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY'S LIST OF ADVERSE RESPIRATORY HEALTH EFFECTS
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix D ACUTE TOXICITY OF HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
  • BACKGROUND INFORMATION
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • SOURCES AND OCCURRENCE
  • PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM
  • SUMMARY OF TOXICITY INFORMATION
  • EFFECTS IN HUMANS
  • One-Time Exposure
  • Accidental Exposures
  • Repeated Exposures
  • Potentially Sensitive Populations
  • EFFECTS IN ANIMALS
  • One-Time Exposure
  • Developmental and Reproductive Toxicities
  • One-Time Exposures--Combined Exposures Simulating Sensitive Populations
  • Repeated Exposures
  • ESTABLISHED INHALATION EXPOSURE LIMITS
  • EVALUATION OF TOXICITY INFORMATION.
  • RESEARCH NEEDS
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix E ACUTE TOXICITY OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE
  • BACKGROUND INFORMATION
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • SOURCES AND OCCURRENCE
  • PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM
  • SUMMARY OF TOXICITY INFORMATION
  • EFFECTS IN HUMANS
  • Accidental Exposures
  • Human Clinical Studies
  • Epidemiological Studies
  • EFFECTS IN ANIMALS
  • Mortality
  • Pulmonary Injury
  • Effects on Lung Function
  • Effects on Lung Biochemistry
  • Host Defense Mechanisms
  • Extrapulmonary Effects
  • ESTABLISHED INHALATION EXPOSURE LIMITS
  • EVALUATION OF TOXICITY INFORMATION
  • RESEARCH NEEDS
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix F ACUTE TOXICITY OF NITRIC ACID
  • BACKGROUND INFORMATION
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • OCCURRENCE AND USE
  • PHARMACOKINETICS AND METABOLISM
  • SUMMARY OF TOXICITY INFORMATION
  • EFFECTS IN HUMANS
  • EFFECTS IN ANIMALS
  • ESTABLISHED INHALATION EXPOSURE LIMITS
  • EVALUATION OF TOXICITY INFORMATION
  • RESEARCH NEEDS
  • REFERENCES.

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