Toxicological risks of selected flame-retardant chemicals

Toxicological risks of selected flame-retardant chemicals

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Corporativo: National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 2000.
Edición:1st ed
Colección:Compass series (Washington, D.C.)
Materias:
Fireproofing agents > Toxicology.
Cumulative effects assessment (Environmental assessment)
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009622312906719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals
  • Copyright
  • OTHER REPORTS OF THE COMMITTEE ON TOXICOLOGY
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Executive Summary
  • THE CHARGE TO THE SUBCOMMITTEE
  • THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S APPROACH
  • Hazard Identification
  • Dose-Response Assessment
  • Exposure Assessment
  • Risk Characterization
  • SUMMARY OF TOXICOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTS
  • UNCERTAINTIES ASSOCIATED WITH RISK ESTIMATES
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 1 Introduction
  • THE CHARGE TO THE SUBCOMMITTEE
  • THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S APPROACH TO ITS CHARGE
  • FLAME RETARDANT PROCESSES
  • CALIFORNIA, UNITED KINGDOM, AND EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE
  • ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT
  • REFERENCES
  • 2 Assessment of Health Risks from the Use of Flame Retardants
  • THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS
  • Hazard Identification
  • Observations of Humans
  • Studies of Laboratory Animals
  • In Vitro Studies
  • Discussion
  • Toxic Potency or Dose-Response Assessment
  • Determination of Toxic Potency for Noncancer Effects
  • Uncertainty Factors
  • Interspecies Extrapolation
  • Intraspecies Extrapolation
  • Extrapolation from Subchronic to Chronic Exposures
  • Extrapolation from LOAEL to NOAEL
  • Route-to-Route Extrapolation
  • Adjustment to Account for Poor Quality of the Database
  • Overall Uncertainty Factor
  • Carcinogenic Potency
  • Exposure1 Assessment for Flame Retardants
  • Risk Characterization of Flame Retardants
  • Risk Characterization of Noncarcinogenic Effects
  • Risk Characterization of Carcinogenic Effects
  • REFERENCES
  • 3 Exposure Assessment Methodology
  • DERMAL EXPOSURE SCENARIO
  • First Iteration
  • Alternative Iteration
  • INHALATION EXPOSURE SCENARIO
  • Particles
  • Vapors
  • Uncertainty in the Inhalation Exposure Estimates
  • ORAL EXPOSURE SCENARIO
  • Uncertainties in the Oral Exposure Estimate
  • REFERENCES
  • 4 Hexabromocyclododecane.
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • OCCURRENCE AND USE
  • TOXICOKINETICS
  • HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Irritation
  • Dermal Sensitization
  • Systemic Effects
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Oral Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Reproductive and Developmental Effects
  • Cancer
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Genotoxicity
  • QUANTITATIVE TOXICITY ASSESSMENT
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Assessment
  • Inhalation RfC
  • Oral RfD
  • Cancer
  • EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND RISK CHARACTERIZATION
  • Noncancer Assessment
  • Dermal Exposure
  • First Iteration
  • Alternative Iteration
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Particles
  • Vapors
  • Oral Exposure
  • Cancer Assessment
  • RECOMMENDATIONS FROM OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH NEEDS
  • REFERENCES
  • 5 Decabromodiphenyl Oxide
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • OCCURRENCE AND USE
  • TOXICOKINETICS
  • HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Irritation/Sensitization
  • Systemic Effects
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Oral Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Reproductive and Developmental Effects
  • Cancer
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Genotoxicity
  • QUANTITATIVE TOXICITY ASSESSMENT
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Assessment
  • Inhalation RfC
  • Oral RfD
  • Cancer
  • Oral
  • EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND RISK CHARACTERIZATION
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Exposure
  • First Iteration
  • Alternative Iteration
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Particles
  • Vapors
  • Oral Exposure
  • Cancer
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Particles
  • Vapors
  • Oral Exposure
  • RECOMMENDATIONS FROM OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH NEEDS
  • REFERENCES
  • 6 Alumina Trihydrate
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • OCCURRENCE AND USE
  • TOXICOKINETICS
  • Absorption
  • Dermal Exposure.
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Oral Exposure
  • Distribution and Metabolism
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Oral Exposure
  • Other Routes of Exposure
  • Excretion
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Oral Exposure
  • HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Irritation
  • Systemic Effects
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Neurological Effects
  • Cancer
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Oral Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Neurological Effects
  • Reproductive and Developmental Effects
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Genotoxicity
  • QUANTITATIVE TOXICITY ASSESSMENT
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Assessment
  • Inhalation RfC
  • Oral RfD
  • Cancer
  • EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND RISK CHARACTERIZATION
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Particles
  • Vapors
  • Oral Exposure
  • Cancer
  • RECOMMENDATIONS FROM OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH NEEDS
  • REFERENCES
  • 7 Magnesium Hydroxide
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • OCCURRENCE AND USE
  • TOXICOKINETICS
  • Absorption
  • Dermal
  • Inhalation
  • Oral
  • Distribution
  • Dermal and Inhalation
  • Oral
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion
  • Dermal and Inhalation
  • Oral
  • HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Cancer
  • Oral Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Human Data
  • Animal Data
  • Immunological and Neurological Effects
  • Reproductive and Developmental Effects
  • Cancer
  • Genotoxicity
  • QUANTITATIVE TOXICITY ASSESSMENT
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Assessment
  • Inhalation RfC
  • Oral RfD
  • Carcinogenicity
  • EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND RISK CHARACTERIZATION
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Particles
  • Vapors
  • Oral Exposure
  • Cancer
  • RECOMMENDATIONS FROM OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH NEEDS
  • REFERENCES
  • 8 Zinc Borate
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
  • OCCURRENCE AND USE
  • TOXICOKINETICS
  • Absorption
  • Zinc Borate
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • Metabolism and Distribution
  • Zinc Borate
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • Excretion
  • Zinc Borate
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Irritation and Sensitization
  • Zinc Borate
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • Systemic Effects
  • Zinc Borate
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • Immunological Effects
  • Reproductive and Developmental Effects
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • Cancer
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Oral Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Zinc Borate
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • Reproductive and Developmental Effects
  • Zinc Borate
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • Immunological Effects
  • Neurological Effects
  • Cancer
  • Zinc Borate
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • Genotoxicity
  • Zinc Borate
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • QUANTITATIVE TOXICITY ASSESSMENT
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Assessment
  • Inhalation RfC
  • Oral RfD
  • Zinc Oxide
  • Boric Acid
  • Zinc Borate
  • Cancer
  • EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND RISK CHARACTERIZATION
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Particulates
  • Vapor
  • Oral Exposure
  • Cancer
  • RECOMMENDATIONS FROM OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH NEEDS
  • REFERENCES
  • 9 Calcium and Zinc Molybdates
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • OCCURRENCE AND USE
  • TOXICOKINETICS
  • Molybdenum Compounds
  • Zinc
  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism
  • Excretion
  • HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Irritation
  • Molybdenum Compounds
  • Zinc
  • Systemic Effects
  • Molybdenum Compounds
  • Zinc
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Molybdenum Compounds
  • Zinc
  • Immunological Effects
  • Molybdenum Compounds
  • Zinc
  • Reproductive and Developmental Effects.
  • Molybdenum Compounds
  • Zinc
  • Carcinogenicity
  • Molybdenum Compounds
  • Zinc
  • Oral Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Molybdenum Compounds
  • Zinc
  • Immunological Effects
  • Molybdenum compounds
  • Zinc
  • Neurological Effects
  • Molybdenum compounds
  • Zinc
  • Reproductive and Developmental Effects
  • Molybdenum Compounds
  • Zinc
  • Cancer
  • Molybdenum Compounds
  • Zinc
  • Genotoxicity
  • Molybdenum Compounds
  • Zinc
  • QUANTITATIVE TOXICITY ASSESSMENT
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Assessment
  • Inhalation RfC
  • Oral RfD
  • Cancer
  • Dermal
  • Inhalation
  • Oral
  • EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND RISK CHARACTERIZATION
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Particles
  • Vapors
  • Oral Exposure
  • Cancer
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Particles
  • Vapors
  • Oral Exposure
  • RECOMMENDATIONS FROM OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH NEEDS
  • REFERENCES
  • 10 Antimony Trioxide
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
  • OCCURRENCE AND USE
  • TOXICOKINETICS
  • Absorption
  • Distribution
  • Metabolism and Excretion
  • HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
  • Dermal Exposure
  • Irritation
  • Sensitization
  • Systemic Effects
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Inhalation Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Reproductive and Developmental Effects
  • Cancer
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Oral Exposure
  • Systemic Effects
  • Other Systemic Effects
  • Genotoxicity
  • QUANTITATIVE TOXICITY ASSESSMENT
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal Assessment
  • Inhalation RfC
  • Oral RfD
  • Cancer
  • Dermal
  • Inhalation
  • Oral
  • EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT AND RISK CHARACTERIZATION
  • Noncancer
  • Dermal
  • Inhalation
  • Particles
  • Vapors
  • Oral Exposure
  • Cancer
  • Inhalation (Particles)
  • Inhalation (Vapors)
  • RECOMMENDATIONS FROM OTHER ORGANIZATIONS
  • DATA GAPS AND RESEARCH NEEDS
  • REFERENCES
  • 11 Antimony Pentoxide and Sodium Antimonate
  • PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
  • OCCURRENCE AND USE.

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