The gastrointestinal circulation
The microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of both myogenic and metabolic regulatory systems. The myogenic mechanism contributes to basal vascular tone and the regulation of transmural pressure, while the metabolic mechanism is responsible for maintaining an appropriate...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | eBook |
| Language: | Inglés |
| Published: |
[San Rafael, Calif.?] :
Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences
2010.
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| Series: | Colloquium series on integrated systems physiology ;
#5. |
| Subjects: | |
| See on Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009622256306719 |
Table of Contents:
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Anatomy
- Extramural blood and lymphatic vessels
- Intramural blood and lymphatic vessels
- 3. Regulation of vascular tone and oxygenation
- Basal hemodynamics and oxygenation
- Intrinsic vasoregulation: myogenic and metabolic
- Myogenic
- Metabolic
- Relative impact of myogenic and metabolic mechanisms
- Reactive hyperemia
- Venous pressure elevation
- Arterial pressure reduction
- Mediators of metabolic vasoregulation
- Tissue pO2
- Adenosine
- Nitric oxide
- Mediators of myogenic vasoregulation
- Shear stress modulation of metabolic and myogenic regulatory systems
- 4. Extrinsic vasoregulation: neural and humoral
- Neural
- Postganglionic sympathetic
- Sensory C fibers
- Enteric nerves
- Circulating vasoactive substances
- 5. Postprandial hyperemia
- General characteristics
- Localization of the postprandial hyperemia
- Constituents of chyme responsible for the postprandial hyperemia
- Mechanisms involved in the postprandial hyperemia
- Extrinsic nerves
- Enteric neural reflexes
- Circulating hormones
- Tissue metabolic activity
- 6. Transcapillary solute exchange
- Ultrastructural pathways
- Endothelial cell membrane
- Fenestrae
- Pinocytotic vesicles
- Interendothelial cell junctions
- Glycocalyx
- Basement membrane
- Physiological (functional) pathways
- Small solutes
- Macromolecules
- Factors influencing vascular permeability
- Ultrastructural correlates for the functional pathways
- 7. Transcapillary fluid exchange
- Net transcapillary fluid movement ( Jv,c)
- Capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c)
- Capillary pressure (Pc)
- Interstitial fluid pressure (Pt)
- Osmotic reflection coefficient (Od)
- Transcapillary oncotic pressure gradient ([pi]c-[pi]t)
- 8. Interaction of capillary and interstitial forces
- Increased venous pressure
- Decreased arterial pressure
- Transepithelial fluid absorption
- Glucose and/or electrolyte-coupled fluid absorption
- Oleic acid-coupled fluid absorption
- Colonic fluid absorption
- Transepithelial fluid secretion
- 9. Gastrointestinal circulation and mucosal defense
- Gastrointestinal acid load
- Intestinal lipid load
- Gastrointestinal restitution
- 10. Gastrointestinal circulation and mucosal pathology I: Ischemia/reperfusion
- Moderate reductions in blood flow: dysfunction
- Severe reductions in blood flow: injury
- Ischemia-induced injury
- I/R-induced injury
- I/R-induced inflammation
- Luminal factors may aggravate mucosal injury during I/R
- Ischemic tolerance and restitution
- 11. Gastrointestinal circulation and mucosal pathology II: Chronic portal hypertension
- The gastrointestinal circulation in chronic portal hypertension (PH)
- Collateral vessels: portosystemic shunting
- Gastrointestinal hyperemia
- Transcapillary fluid exchange
- Luminal factors may aggravate mucosal injury during portal hypertension
- 12. Summary and conclusions
- References
- Author biography.
