Amphibians : guidelines for the breeding, care, and management of laboratory animals :a report

Amphibians guidelines for the breeding, care, and management of laboratory animals :a report

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (U.S.).
Autor Corporativo: Institute of Laboratory Animal Resources (U.S.). Subcommittee on Amphibian Standards (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington : National Academy of Sciences 1974.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Amphibians as laboratory animals.
Laboratory animals.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009622255706719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Amphibians
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • I Introduction
  • A. GENERAL COMMENTS
  • B. THE NEED
  • 1. The Demand
  • 2. The Supply
  • a. The Natural Resource
  • b. Artificial Culture
  • 3. Recommendations
  • C. USERS OF AMPHIBIANS
  • D. LABORATORY-DEFINED AMPHIBIANS
  • II Classification and Description of Amphibians Commonly Used for Laboratory Research
  • A. PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION
  • B. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES COMMONLY USED IN LABORATORY RESEARCH
  • 1. Urodeles
  • a. Ambystoma (2N = 28
  • ZW - ZZ , but two triploid species are known)
  • b. Notophthalmus viridescens (2N = 22
  • ZW - ZZ)
  • c. Necturus maculosus (2N = 24
  • ZW - ZZ)
  • 2. Anurans
  • a. Xenopus laevis (2N = 36
  • ZW - ZZ)
  • b. Rana catesbeiana (2N = 26
  • XX - XY)
  • c. Rana grylio (2N = 26
  • XX - XY)
  • d. Rana clamitans (2N = 26
  • XX - XY)
  • e. Rana pipiens (2N = 26
  • XX - XY)
  • f. Rana palustris (2N = 26
  • XX - XY)
  • g. Rana sylvatica (2N = 26
  • XX - XY)
  • h. Bufo marinus (2N = 22
  • XX - XY)
  • i. Bombina orientalis (2N = 24
  • XX - XY)
  • III Definition and Description of Experimental Amphibians
  • A. INTRODUCTION
  • B. DEFINITION
  • 1. Wild
  • 2. Wild Caught
  • a. Nonconditioned
  • b. Conditioned
  • 3. Laboratory-Reared
  • a. Standard
  • b. Miscellaneous
  • 4. Laboratory-Bred
  • a. Standard
  • b. Miscellaneous
  • C. DESCRIPTION OF LABORATORY-REARED AND LABORATORY-BRED AMPHIBIANS
  • 1. Types of Populations and Lines
  • a. Random Mating Lines
  • b. Heterozygous Isogenic Clones
  • c. Heterozygous Marked Lines
  • d. Mutant Lines
  • e. Inbred Lines
  • f. Gynogenetic Diploid Lines
  • g. Homozygous Lines
  • h. Haploid Animals
  • i. Polyploid Animals
  • 2. Sex Determination and Its Manipulation
  • 3. Species of Laboratory-Reared or Laboratory-Bred Amphibians Available in the United States
  • a. Anurans
  • b. Urodeles
  • IV Sources
  • A. SELECTION.
  • B. DEALER CARE
  • C. ORDERING, SHIPPING, AND RECEIVING
  • 1. Ordering
  • 2. Shipping
  • 3. Receiving
  • a. Aquatic Amphibians
  • b. Terrestrial Amphibians
  • D. LEGAL ASPECTS
  • V Physical Facilities
  • A. RELATION TO NATURAL HABITAT
  • B. THE AMPHIBIAN QUARTERS
  • 1. General Description
  • a. Isolation Quarters
  • b. Heating, Ventilation, and Size Specifications for Rooms
  • c. Description of Ancillary Rooms
  • d. General Specifications
  • 2. Environmental Control
  • a. Water
  • b. Temperature
  • c. Lighting
  • C. ENCLOSURES
  • 1. Embryos: Fertilization through Initiation of Feeding
  • 2. Larvae
  • 3. Juveniles
  • a. At Metamorphic Climax
  • b. Postmetamorphic
  • 4. Adult Enclosures (Evaluation Criteria)
  • 5. Hibernation Quarters
  • 6. Enclosure Designs
  • a. The Amphibian Facility of The University of Michigan
  • b. The R. catesbeiana Facility at Louisiana State University
  • c. Southern Frog Company (J. M. Priddy, Dumas, Arkansas)
  • d. The Aquatic Animal Facility of Arizona State University
  • VI Amphibian Management and Laboratory Care
  • A. GENERAL COMMENTS
  • B. ANURANS
  • 1. Ranidae
  • a. R. pipiens
  • b. R. caresbeiana
  • c. Other Ranid Species
  • 2 Other Anurans
  • a. Xenopus
  • b. Bufo
  • c. Bombina orientalis
  • C. URODELA
  • 1. Axolotls (Neotenic Larvae of Ambystoma mexicanum)
  • a. Early Larvae
  • b. Mature Larvae
  • 2. Other Urodeles
  • VII Breeding
  • A. ANURANS
  • 1. General Comments
  • a. Sexing
  • b. Readiness for Reproduction
  • c. Identification of Individuals
  • 2. Artificial Induction of Ovulation
  • 3. Amplexus
  • 4. Artificial Insemination
  • 5. Parthenogenetic Lines and Haploid Animals
  • 6. Nomozygous Lines and Androgenesis
  • 7. Polyploid Animals
  • 8. Mosaic Animals
  • 9. Nuclear Transplantation
  • 10. Xenopus
  • Procurement of Gametes
  • Artificial Insemination
  • B. URODELES
  • 1. Mating
  • 2. Spawning.
  • 3. Artificial Insemination
  • 4. Initial Care of Embryos
  • VIII Records and Information Control
  • A. IDENTIFICATION ON INDIVIDUALS
  • 1. Numbering
  • 2. Tattooing
  • 3. Branding
  • 4. Toe Clipping
  • 5. Other Marking Systems
  • 6. Drawings and Photographs
  • B. INFORMATION CONTROL SYSTEMS
  • IX Amphibian Medicine
  • A. GENERAL COMMENTS
  • B. BACTERIAL DISEASES
  • 1. Pathogens
  • 2. Drug Selection and Administration
  • 3. Identifying Diseased Frogs
  • 4. The Need for Treatment
  • C. VIRAL DISEASES
  • 1. General Comments
  • 2. Lucké Tumor Herpesvirus (LTHV)
  • 3. Amphibian Polyhedral Cytoplasmic Deoxyribovirus (PCDV)
  • 4. Lymphosarcoma Virus of Xenopus
  • D. PARASITIC DISEASES
  • E. MYCOTIC DISEASES
  • F. EUTHANASIA AND ANESTHESIA
  • X Personnel
  • A. GENERAL COMMENTS
  • B. SAFETY HAZARDS
  • 1. Physical
  • 2. Biological
  • Appendix A Status of "Endangered" Amphibians
  • Appendix B Control Laws by States and Canadian Provinces
  • UNITED STATES
  • CANADIAN PROVINCES
  • References.

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