Risk-based waste classification in California
| Autor Corporativo: | |
|---|---|
| Formato: | Libro electrónico |
| Idioma: | Inglés |
| Publicado: |
Washington, D.C. :
National Academy Press
1999.
|
| Edición: | 1st ed |
| Colección: | Compass series (Washington, D.C.)
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| Materias: | |
| Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull: | https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009622129206719 |
Tabla de Contenidos:
- Risk-Based Waste Classification in California
- Copyright
- OTHER REPORTS OF THE BOARD ON ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND TOXICOLOGY
- Preface
- Contents
- Abbreviations
- Risk-Based Waste Classification In California
- Executive Summary
- THE COMMITTEE'S TASK
- WHAT IS BEING REVIEWED?
- DTSC'S CURRENT CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
- DTSC'S PROPOSED CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
- THE NRC COMMITTEE'S FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- Risk-Based Waste Classification
- Exposure Pathway Integration
- Protection Goals and Exposure Scenarios
- Model Components and Parameters
- Model Performance
- Analytical Issues
- Risk for Entire Waste
- Chronic Toxicity Data and Irritation Testing
- Transparency of the Proposed Approach
- Flexibility Goals
- CONCLUSIONS
- 1 Introduction
- THE COMMITTEE'S TASK AND APPROACH
- REPORT ORGANIZATION
- OVERVIEW OF CALIFORNIA'S APPROACH TO CLASSIFYING HAZARDOUS WASTE
- Statutory Framework
- Current Waste-Classification System
- Need for Change in Waste-Classification System
- Proposed Waste-Classification System
- Toxicity Criteria
- Total Threshold Limit Concentrations
- Soluble or Extractable Regulatory Thresholds
- Other Toxicity Criteria
- Exposure Models
- CalTOX Model
- Preliminary Endangerment Assessment Model
- Lead Risk-Assessment Spreadsheet Model
- Potential Regulatory Impacts
- 2 DTSC's Proposed Overall Approach
- STATEMENT OF GOALS
- MULTIMEDIA AND MULTIPATHWAY RISK ASSESSMENT
- REALISTIC EXPOSURE SCENARIOS
- VALID SCIENCE
- TRANSPARENCY
- FLEXIBILITY
- IMPLEMENTATION PRACTICALITY AND EVALUATION
- 3 Scenario Selection and Modeling
- EXPOSURE SCENARIOS: PURPOSE
- MODELING: PURPOSE
- SUMMARY OF DTSC EXPOSURE SCENARIOS
- Adjacent Resident Scenario
- Waste Worker Scenario
- Land Conversion Scenario
- Ecological Effects Scenario
- MODELING USED IN THE SCENARIOS.
- ANALYSIS OF SCENARIOS AND MODELING
- Scenarios: Connection to Policy
- Scenarios: Completeness and Coverage
- Scenarios: Physical Processes and Models
- Mathematical Models and Their Implementation
- Scenarios and Models: Parameter Values
- Models: Variability and Uncertainty
- Models: Sensitivity Analyses
- Models: Validation and Quality Control
- ECOLOGICAL SCENARIO
- 4 Issues of Model Application
- MODEL PARAMETERS
- Parameter Selection for Scenarios
- Food Intake
- Fruits and Vegetables
- Grains
- Meat, Dairy, and Eggs
- Fish
- PARAMETER SELECTION WITHIN SPECIFIC MODELS
- Soluble or Extractable Regulatory Thresholds
- Calculations for Lower SERTs
- Calculations for Upper SERTs
- Preliminary Endangerment Assessment
- Risk and Hazard Spreadsheets
- Exposure Pathway Factor for Inhalation
- Dust
- Quantitation of Intake for Workers
- Concentration limit in Waste
- Monte Carlo Analysis
- LeadSpread
- CalTOX
- Dust-Deposition Velocity
- Organic Carbon Content of Residential Soil
- Molecular Weight
- Chemical Properties
- ANALYTICAL METHODS
- TOXICITY TESTS
- Tests Related to Human Health
- Tests Related to Ecology
- 5 Meeting Program Goals
- RSU GUIDING PRINCIPLES
- Protect Public Health and Environment
- Regulatory Flexibility and Simplicity
- DTSC PROGRAM GOALS
- Considering Exposure in Classification of Waste
- Incorporating New Toxicological or Technical Data
- Developing a Mechanism for Regulating Chemicals Other Than the 36 SERT and 38 TTLC Chemicals
- OTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR DTSC'S APPROACH
- PROGRAM EVALUATION
- References
- Appendix A Biographical Information on the Committee on Risk-Based Criteria for Non-RCRA Hazardous Waste
- Appendix B DTSC Issues
- Appendix C List of Public Access Materials Received by the NRC Committee on Risk-Based Criteria for Non-RCRA Hazardous Waste.
- Appendix D California Environmental Protection Agency Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC)
- 1. OVERVIEW
- Total Threshold Limit Concentrations (TTLCs)
- Human Health Risk Assessment Scenarios and Models
- Upper TTLCs
- Exit-level TTLCs
- Soluble or Extractable Regulatory Thresholds (SERTs)
- 2. ISSUES
- TTLC issues
- Model Selection
- Scenario Selection
- SERT issues
- Acute Toxicity Issues
- DESCRIPTION OF ISSUES
- The Waste Classification Review
- The Existing California System
- RECOMMENDATION
- CIRCUMSTANCES NECESSITATING A DECISION
- EXISTING STATUTES OR REGULATIONS RELATED TO THE ISSUE
- Objectives to be Achieved Through Decision
- Alternatives Available and Recommended Alternative
- A. Subsection 66261.24(a)(2)(A&
- B)
- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 3
- B. Subsection 66261.24(a)(2)(A&
- B)
- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 3
- C. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(3)
- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 3
- D. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(4)
- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 3
- E. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(5)
- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 3
- F. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(6)
- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 4
- G. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(7)
- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 4
- H. Subsection 66261.24 (a)(8)
- Recommended Alternative: Alternative 2
- Implementation of the Recommended Alternatives
- A. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(2): SERTs
- B. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(2): TTLCs
- Regulation of Wastes Containing Elemental Metals
- C. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(3): Acute Oral LD50
- D. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(4): Acute Dermal LD50
- E. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(5): Acute Inhalation LC50
- F. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(6): Aquatic Toxicity.
- G. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(7): Listed Carcinogens
- H. Modifications to Section 66261.24(a)(8): New Threats
- I. Classification of wastes under the proposed regulatory structure
- Reclassifications and Variances
- Appendix 1: Regulated chemicals
- Organic Chemicals
- Inorganic Chemicals
- Appendix 2: Derivation of proposed SERTs
- Lower (exit-level) SERTs
- Upper SERTs
- Solubility, STLCs, and TTLCs
- Appendix 3: TTLCs
- Introduction
- What is the purpose of this appendix?
- What is the relationship between ground water and TTLCs?
- Why are TTLCs developed for individual chemicals instead of waste streams?
- Why were these 38 chemicals selected?
- What is the purpose of two tiers of TTLCs?
- How are the upper and lower (exit-level) TTLCs selected?
- First Stage: Computation of Risk-Based TTLCs
- How is quantitative risk assessment used to assess effects on human health and the environment?
- What is multimedia exposure assessment?
- Mathematical Models and Regulatory Decisions
- How is uncertainty treated in developing TTLCs?
- Description of the Exposure Scenarios
- Disposal Practices
- Potentially Exposed Populations
- Exposure Scenarios
- Models used for determining risk-based criteria for the scenarios
- What is CalTOX and why was it chosen?
- What modifications have been made to CalTOX and why?
- What is the Lead spreadsheet model and why was it chosen?
- What modifications have been made to the Lead spreadsheet model and why?
- What is the Preliminary Endangerment Assessment model and why was it chosen?
- What modifications have been made to the PEA and why?
- How were effects on non-human species evaluated?
- References
- Second Stage: Detection Limits and Ambient Concentrations
- Estimated Quantification Limits
- Comparison with Background Concentrations
- References.
- Appendix 4. Acute Toxicity Thresholds
- Oral LD50
- Dermal LD50
- Inhalation LC50
- Aquatic Toxicity.
