Effects of past global change on life

Effects of past global change on life

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Corporativo: National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Earth Sciences and Resources (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1995.
Edición:1st ed
Colección:Studies in geophysics.
Materias:
Paleoecology.
Paleoclimatology.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009622105206719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Effects of Past Global Change on Life
  • Copyright
  • Studies in Geophysics
  • Preface
  • Contents
  • Effects of Past Global Change on Life
  • Overview and Recommendations
  • OVERVIEW
  • INTRODUCTION
  • METHODS
  • SHIFTS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL STATES
  • Periodic Cycles
  • Nonperiodic Cycles
  • The Eocene-Oligocene Transition
  • The Younger Dryas Cooling
  • The Terminal Ordovician Transition
  • Unidirectional Shifts
  • RATES OF TRANSITION
  • Sudden Shifts and Gradual Trends
  • The Nature of Thresholds
  • PATTERNS OF BIOTIC RESPONSE
  • Migration
  • Extinction
  • Evolutionary Turnover
  • Delayed Recovery
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • Background
  • 1 Oxygen and Proterozoic Evolution: An Update
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • THE EARLY PROTEROZOIC EON
  • Geochemical Evidence for Atmospheric Change
  • Paleontological Evidence for Evolutionary Innovation
  • Biological Reasons for Linkage
  • Summary of the Paleoproterozoic Earth
  • THE END OF THE PROTEROZOIC EON
  • Paleontological Data
  • Biological Reasons for Linkage to Environmental Change
  • Geochemical Data
  • Summary of the Latest Proterozoic Record
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • 2 Impact of Late Ordovician Glaciation-Deglaciation on Marine Life
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • DATA SUMMARIES
  • THE TIME FRAME
  • THE PALEOGEOGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK
  • GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE OF DEEP OCEAN VENTILATION
  • PATTERNS IN EXTINCTION AND RERADIATION
  • Graptolites
  • Shelly Faunas
  • ENVIRONMENTAL-ORGANISMAL CHANGES: A SUMMARY
  • REFERENCES
  • 3 Global Change Leading to Biodiversity Crisis in a Greenhouse World: The Cenomanian-Turonian (Cretaceous) Mass Extinction
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • HIGH-RESOLUTION APPROACH TO DOCUMENTING ANCIENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
  • THE CENOMANIAN-TURONIAN (C-T) MASS EXTINCTION-AN ANCIENT GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY CRISIS IN A CHAOTIC GREENHOUSE WORLD.
  • A CASE HISTORY: THE PUEBLO, COLORADO, C-T BOUNDARY SECTION
  • ESTABLISHING A CHRONOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DECLINE AND MASS EXTINCTION ACROSS THE C-T BOUNDARY
  • A TIMETABLE FOR CENOMANIAN-TURONIAN MASS EXTINCTION
  • INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix
  • RATES, PATTERNS, AND TIMING OF THE C-T MASS EXTINCTION AND ASSOCIATED ENVIRONMENTAL PERTURBATIONS (SEE FIGURE 3.6)
  • Late Cenomanian Background Conditions
  • Late Cenomanian Mass Extinction
  • Highest Cenomanian Events
  • Basal Turonian Events
  • Final Phases Of The C-T Mass Extinction
  • Early Recovery Interval
  • End Of Sampling Interval
  • 4 Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) Mass Extinction: Effect of Global Change on Calcareous Microplankton
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • HOW COMPLETE ARE K/T BOUNDARY SECTIONS?
  • SPECIES RESPONSE TO K/T DISTURBANCE
  • Planktic Foraminifera
  • Calcareous Nannoplankton
  • POPULATION RESPONSE TO K/T DISTURBANCE
  • El Kef, Tunisia
  • Caravaca, Spain
  • Brazos, Texas
  • DSDP Site 528, South Atlantic
  • ODP Site 738C, Indian Antarctic Ocean
  • MAGNITUDE OF K/T DISTURBANCE
  • Planktic Foraminifera
  • Calcareous Nannoplankton
  • ARE SPECIFIC HABITATS SELECTIVELY DESTROYED?
  • DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • 5 Terminal Paleocene Mass Extinction in the Deep Sea: Association with Global Warming
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • TERMINAL PALEOCENE MASS EXTINCTION IN THE DEEP SEA
  • ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MASS EXTINCTION AND OCEANIC WARMING
  • CAUSE OF MASS EXTINCTION IN DEEP SEA
  • CAUSE OF OCEANOGRAPHIC AND CLIMATE CHANGE
  • WHY THE EARLY PALEOGENE?
  • IMPLICATIONS AND SUMMARY
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • 6 Tropical Climate Stability and Implications for the Distribution of Life
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • OXYGEN ISOTOPIC RECORDS OF LOW LATITUDE TEMPERATURES
  • ARGUMENTS FOR TROPICAL TEMPERATURE STABILITY.
  • MODEL-DERIVED TROPICAL TEMPERATURES
  • EVIDENCE FOR TROPICAL SALINITY DIFFERENCES
  • SUMMARY OF TROPICAL CLIMATE EXTREMES
  • CLIMATE TOLERANCES OF TROPICAL ORGANISMS
  • A MID-CRETACEOUS CASE STUDY
  • DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 7 Neogene Ice Age in the North Atlantic Region: Climatic Changes, Biotic Effects, and Forcing Factors
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • CLIMATIC EVENTS
  • Responses Prior to the Late Pliocene
  • The Pliocene Prior to 2.5 Ma
  • The First Pulse, 3.2 to 3.1 Ma
  • Onset of the Ice Age at 2.5 to 2.4 Ma
  • BIOTIC CONSEQUENCES
  • Terrestrial Biotas
  • Africa
  • Europe
  • Eastern North America
  • Marine Biotas
  • FORCING OF LATE CENOZOIC CLIMATIC CHANGES
  • Tectonic Forcing of Climate (pre-2.5 Ma)
  • Closure of the Straits of Panamanian Isthmus
  • Plateau Uplift
  • Sea-Floor Spreading and CO2
  • Chemical Weathering and CO2
  • Ice-Sheet Forcing of Climatic Change
  • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
  • REFERENCES
  • 8 The Response of Hierarchially Structured Ecosystems to Long-Term Climatic Change: A Case Study using Tropical Peat Swamps…
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • LATE CARBONIFEROUS WETLANDS
  • Eco-Taxonomic Patterns
  • Peat Swamps
  • Clastic Wetlands
  • COAL SWAMPS AS HIERARCHICALLY ORGANIZED SYSTEMS
  • Organization of Coal-Swamp Ecosystems
  • Resolution at 100- to 104-yr Time Scales: Habitats and Species Assemblages
  • Resolution at the 103- to 105-yr Time Scale: Landscape Patterns
  • Resolution at the 105- to 107-yr Time Scale: Interseam Patterns
  • Coal-Swamp Species and Ecomorphs
  • Major Intraswamp Habitats
  • PATTERNS OF CHANGE IN COAL-SWAMP COMMUNITIES DURING THE PENNSYLVANIAN PERIOD
  • Objectives
  • Changes at the Landscape Level
  • Changes in the Habitat Composition of Landscapes
  • Changes in the Species-Level Composition of Habitats
  • CLIMATE CHANGE AND CAUSATION
  • Evidence for Climatic Variability.
  • Relationships of Climatic Patterns to Vegetational Patterns
  • SUMMARY AND IMPLICATIONS
  • Hierarchical Organization
  • Ecosystem Persistence
  • Long-Term Species Replacement Dynamics: Evolutionary Implications
  • REFERENCES
  • 9 The Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic History of Vegetation and Climate at Northern and Southern High Latitudes: A Comparison
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • PALEOGEOGRAPHIC FRAMEWORK
  • SUMMARY OF HIGH-LATITUDE VEGETATIONAL CHANGES
  • Northern Cretaceous
  • Albian-Cenomanian and Arrival of Angiosperms
  • Turonian-Coniacian-Santonian
  • Campanian-Maastrichtian
  • Southern Cretaceous
  • Albian-Cenomanian and Early Angiosperms
  • Turonian-Coniacian-Santonian
  • Campanian-Maastrichtian
  • Northern Cenozoic
  • Paleocene
  • Eocene
  • Oligocene-Miocene-Pliocene
  • Southern Cenozoic
  • Paleocene
  • Eocene
  • Oligocene-Miocene-Pliocene
  • COMPARISON OF NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HIGH-LATITUDE VEGETATION
  • Cretaceous Evolutionary Trends
  • Northern and Southern Floras: Deciduous Versus Evergreen
  • Cenozoic Vegetational Changes
  • Possible Future Changes
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • 10 The Impact of Climatic Changes on the Development of the Australian Flora
  • ABSTRACT
  • UNIQUENESS OF THE AUSTRALIAN SYSTEM
  • GEOLOGICAL AND PLATE TECTONIC SETTING
  • MODERN VEGETATION OF AUSTRALIA
  • FACTORS AFFECTING VEGETATION AND TAXON-BASED CHANGES
  • MAJOR TERTIARY CLIMATIC CHANGES
  • PLANT MEGAFOSSIL EVIDENCE FOR CLIMATIC CHANGE
  • DISCUSSION
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • 11 Global Climatic Influence on Cenozoic Land Mammal Faunas
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • LAND MAMMAL FAUNAS AND THEIR RESPONSE TO CLIMATIC CHANGE
  • Chronofaunas and Turnover Pulses
  • Importance of Immigrants
  • Recognition of Land Mammal Biomes
  • MAMMALIAN FAUNAL SUCCESSION IN NORTH AMERICA
  • Paleocene Chronofauna: Tropical Forest.
  • Eocene Chronofauna: Subtropical Forest
  • White River Chronofauna: Woodland Savanna
  • Runningwater Chronofauna: Transitional Savanna
  • Sheep Creek Chronofauna: Park Savanna
  • Clarendonian Chronofauna: Grassland Savanna
  • Early Pliocene: Spread of Steppe
  • Late Pliocene and Pleistocene: Further Continentality and Provincialism
  • RESULTS
  • DISCUSSION
  • Mammal Turnover on Other Continents
  • European Land Mammal Record
  • Chinese Land Mammal Record
  • Indian Land Mammal Record
  • African Land Mammal Record
  • Oxygen Isotopes and Mammal Immigrations
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • 12 Biotic Responses to Temperature and Salinity Changes During Last Deglaciation, Gulf of Mexico
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Ecology of Modern Planktonic Foraminifera
  • The Last Deglaciation
  • RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  • 14C Chronology
  • Stable Isotopic Records
  • Faunal Response to Temperature and Salinity Changes in the Gulf of Mexico
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • 13 Pollen Records of Late Quaternary Vegetation Change: Plant Community Rearrangements and Evolution Implications
  • INTRODUCTION
  • SENSITIVITY OF POLLEN DATA TO VEGETATION PATTERNS
  • MAPS OF CHANGING TAXON DISTRIBUTION THROUGH TIME
  • IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIES AND EVOLUTION
  • TIME AND SPACE SCALES OF VEGETATIONAL AND TAXONOMIC UNITS
  • SPACE-TIME PERSPECTIVE
  • REFERENCES
  • 14 Climatic Forcing and the Origin of the Human Genus
  • ABSTRACT
  • INTRODUCTION
  • DEVELOPMENT IN APES, HUMANS, AND AUSTRALOPITHECINES
  • THE LIFE OF GRACILE AUSTRALOPITHECINES
  • Arboreal Traits
  • The Arboreal Imperative
  • THE NATURE OF EARLY HOMO
  • CLIMATIC FORCING
  • REFERENCES
  • Index.

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