Low-frequency sound and marine mammals : current knowledge and research needs

Low-frequency sound and marine mammals current knowledge and research needs

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor Corporativo: National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Low-Frequency Sound and Marine Mammals (-)
Formato: Libro electrónico
Idioma:Inglés
Publicado: Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press 1994.
Edición:1st ed
Materias:
Marine mammals.
Underwater acoustics.
Ver en Biblioteca Universitat Ramon Llull:https://discovery.url.edu/permalink/34CSUC_URL/1im36ta/alma991009622059306719
Tabla de Contenidos:
  • Low-Frequency Sound and Marine Mammals
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • Executive Summary
  • LIMITATIONS OF CURRENT KNOWLEDGE
  • CHANGES PROPOSED IN REGULATORY STRUCTURE
  • RECOMMENDED RESEARCH
  • 1 A Review of Current Knowledge
  • CHANGES IN OCEAN SOUNDS AND POTENTIAL EFFECTS ON MARINE MAMMALS
  • EVALUATING NOISE INTERFERENCE
  • Transmission Loss of Sound in the Ocean
  • Ambient Noise Level of the Sea
  • Acoustic Characteristics of Marine Mammal Hearing Organs
  • THE NEED FOR ADDITIONAL RESEARCH
  • ORIGINS AND DRAWBACKS OF THE "120-DB CRITERION
  • REFERENCES
  • 2 Regulatory Barriers and Possible Alternatives
  • THE MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT AND ITS INTERPRETATION
  • HARASSMENT OF MARINE MAMMALS
  • PERMITTING IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH ACTIVITY
  • Scientific Research Permits
  • Small Incidental Take (SIT) Authorizations
  • MAGNITUDE OF POTENTIAL NOISE POLLUTION FROM OCEANIC ACOUSTIC STUDIES
  • PROPOSED CHANGES IN THE REGULATORY STRUCTURE
  • Using a New Mechanism to Regulate Scientific "Takes
  • Utilization of the IACUC System
  • Streamlining Existing Regulations
  • SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED CHANGES
  • REFERENCES
  • 3 Topics for Future Research
  • BEHAVIOR OF MARINE MAMMALS IN THE WILD
  • Natural, Ecologically Important Signals
  • Habituation to Repeated Human-made Sounds
  • Differential Responses of Migrating Whales to Various Human-made Sounds
  • Responses of Deep-diving Marine Mammals to Low-frequency Sounds
  • STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM
  • Basic Studies of Audiometry
  • Measurements on Ensnared or Beached Marine Mammals
  • Replication of Data
  • Temporary Threshold Shift
  • Basic Studies of the Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System
  • EFFECTS OF LOW-FREQUENCY SOUNDS ON THE FOOD CHAIN
  • DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
  • Tag Development.
  • Integrated Undersea Surveillance System (IUSS)
  • SWAT Team for Studying Hearing by Ensnared or Beached Animals
  • Warning Signals
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix A Comparison of Sound-Pressure Reference Levels in Air and Water
  • References
  • Appendix B An Introduction to Marine Mammals
  • CETACEA: WHALES, DOLPHINS, PORPOISES
  • THE CARNIVORA: PINNIPEDS, SEA OTTERS, POLAR BEARS
  • Pinnipedia
  • Sea Otters
  • Polar Bears
  • THE SIRENIA: MANATEES AND DUGONGS (SEA COWS)
  • REFERENCES
  • Appendix C Comparison of Yearly Sound Energy from Oceanographic Research and Supertankers.

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