38CrMoAl steel 3Cr13 steel LaNbO4 NiO PVDF Research & information: general TA2 alloy Technology: general issues basalt fibers boron carbide bulk diffusion coefficient carburization cold-rolling deformation composites cooling performance corrosion resistance decarburization distribution of characteristic times duplex surface engineering electrical conductivity relaxation electrocatalytic activity electrospinning heat-not-burn tobacco low-temperature nitriding mechanical properties microhardness microstructure modified layer multiphase ceramics nanomaterials