CVaR CVaR estimation Chinese stock market crash Coins, banknotes, medals, seals (numismatics) ES OLS and ridge regression model PSG Technology: general issues US financial crisis VaR applications artificial neural network auto-regressive integrated moving average bivariate first-degree stochastic dominance (BFSD) capital structure causality tests chi-square test cluster analysis conditional value-at-risk copulas correlation loving (CL) density functions dependence structures deviation distribution functions equity index networks equity option pricing error expected shortfall factor models